BACKGROUND This study, the first of its kind carried out at sub-national level in Ethiopia, was conducted in order to understand the dynamics of HIV transmission at regional and district level in Tigrai, Ethiopia; and to assess the adequacy of the HIV prevention response. METHODS Routine data from health centres, data from available published and grey literature and studies, and primary quali...

BACKGROUND Previous research indicates that individuals with seasonal depression (SD) do not exhibit the memory biases for negative self-referent information that characterize non-seasonal depression (NSD). The current study extended this work by examining processing of self-referent emotional information concerning potential future events in SD. METHOD SD and NSD patients, along with never-d...

To determine the associations of fecundity and childlessness with month of conception and to find a causal mechanism for these associations, we reanalyzed some of our previous data according to the predictions of the seasonal optimal ripening oocyte (SOptRO) and seasonal preovulatory over-ripeness ovopathy (SPrOO) hypotheses. Prime and minor SOptRO months as well as high-risk, no-risk, and very...

BACKGROUND In animals, the circadian pacemaker regulates seasonal changes in behavior by transmitting a signal of day length to other sites in the organism. The signal is expressed reciprocally in the duration of nocturnal melatonin secretion, which is longer in winter than in summer. We investigated whether such a signal could mediate the effects of change of season on patients with seasonal a...

BACKGROUND Possibly due to the small size of the olfactory bulb (OB) as compared to rodents, it was generally believed that songbirds lack a well-developed sense of smell. This belief was recently revised by several studies showing that various bird species, including passerines, use olfaction in many respects of life. During courtship and nest building, male European starlings (Sturnus vulgari...

. Abstract: The structure and seasonal variability 01'macrobenthic associations in four different patches on a Spartilla altemiflora bed at Arrozal Point, Canan6ia, São Paulo State are described and compared. In the local intertidal marsh, densities 01'S. a!temiflora plants appear in sparsely or densely arranged patches, both in tall and short forms. Thc infaunal polychaetes Capitella capitata,...