BACKGROUND To advance asthma cohort research, we need a method that can use longitudinal data, including when collected at irregular intervals, to model multiple phenotypes of wheeze and identify both time-invariant (eg, sex) and time-varying (eg, environmental exposure) risk factors. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the use of latent class growth analysis (LCGA) in defining phenotypes of wheeze and ...

Abstract Background Nosocomial respiratory viral infections (NRVI), transmitted from infected visitors or healthcare providers to patients, lead significant morbidity and mortality. This study describes the epidemiology of nosocomial Influenza (flu) Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) at an academic medical center 2009 2018. Methods After institutional review board (IRB) approval, data on NRVI wa...

Recent outbreaks of H5, H7, and H9 influenza A viruses in humans have served as a vivid reminder of the potentially devastating effects that a novel pandemic could exert on the modern world. Those who have survived infections with influenza viruses in the past have been protected from subsequent antigenically similar pandemics through adaptive immunity. For example, during the 2009 H1N1 "swine ...

The vaccine against the pandemic or so-called swine flu caused scientific, political, and public health controversy all over the world. In Croatia, the whole case told us a lot about the state of the health care system, scientific community , and level of democracy. When the new flu season started in December 2010, I found myself in the same uncomfortable position as at the peak of flu hysteria...

Representations of femininity in video games and other media are often discussed with reference to the most popular games, their protagonists and their sexist predicament. This framing leaves in shadow other dimensions. We aim to identify some of them and to open a broader horizon for examining and designing femininity and gender in games. To this end we look into games with creative portrayals...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent school-aged children can learn hygiene-based nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and persist in these behavioral changes over the duration of an influenza season. If this can be done successfully, it may be a preferable pandemic mitigation strategy to much more disruptive strategies such as whole-scale school closure. MET...

Several studies around the globe are still in process to prevent transmission of disease-causing virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov 2). It is that flu and Covid-19 disease show similar symptoms sometimes misinterpreted if not properly tested. SARS-Cov antibody testing may reveal symptom experienced by a person could be infection. The development antibodies ...

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Swine flu has been confirmed in a number of countries and it is spreading from human to human, which could lead to what is referred to as a pandemic flu outbreak. Pandemic flu is different from ordinary flu because it’s a new flu virus that appears in humans and spreads very quickly from person to person worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) is closely monitoring cases of swine flu glo...

BACKGROUND Influenza outbreaks affect millions of people every year and its surveillance is usually carried out in developed countries through a network of sentinel doctors who report the weekly number of Influenza-like Illness cases observed among the visited patients. Monitoring and forecasting the evolution of these outbreaks supports decision makers in designing effective interventions and ...