If prizes were awarded for genetic diversity and rapid-fire evolution, tunicates would be stars among animals. These quiet, filter-feeding chordates, also known as “sea squirts,” usually make their home attached to rocks on the sea floor. Their lifestyle might be tame, but these jellied animals are the genetic equivalent of magical shape shifters, capable of rapidly evolving and holding, new re...

Sea cucumber mariculture is an important emerging field of practice and applied research in the coastal tropics. This due to existing importance tropical sea fisheries for wealth generation poverty reduction, potential contribute longer term sustainability these while generating benefits additional those from wild caught cucumber. Understanding optimal institutional arrangements area focus this...

The sea cucumber with the Latin name Holothuria scabra has high economic value. This leads to overfishing in nature. One of areas Bangka Belitung Islands Province that produces sand cucumbers is Coastal Village Batu Aer, Simpang Pesak District, East Regency. problems faced by partners at this time are: 1) Partners do not have skills manage cultivation business, because they still catch from nat...

The mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) of echinoderms (e.g., sea cucumbers and starfish) is a remarkable example of a biological material that has the unique attribute, among collagenous tissues, of being able to rapidly change its stiffness and extensibility under neural control. However, the mechanisms of MCT have not been characterized at the nanoscale. Using synchrotron small-angle X-ray diff...

Sea cucumbers are prolific producers of a wide range of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to purify and characterize one class of compound, the saponins, from the viscera of the Australian sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni. The saponins were obtained by ethanolic extraction of the viscera and enriched by a liquid-liquid partition process and adsorption column chromatography. A high performanc...

This study aimed to investigate antibiotics resistance pattern and phenotyping of Aeromonas species isolated from different aquatic sources in Melaka, Malaysia. A total of 53 Aeromonas species were isolated from the following sources: sediment (n = 13), bivalve (n = 10), sea cucumber (n = 16) and sea water (n = 14) and resistance to 12 antibiotics - Tetracycline (30 μg), Kanamycin (30 μg), Oxyt...

The auricularia larva of sea cucumbers and tornaria larva of acorn worms share striking developmental and morphological similarities. They are regarded as not only an archetype of the nonchordate deuterostome larva, but also an archetype of the origin of chordates. Here we report the characterization and spatial expression patterns of the BMP-2/4 genes of a hemichordate acorn worm (Pf-bmp2/4) a...

A brief overview of isolated collagen fibril mechanics testing is followed by presentation of the first results testing fibrils isolated from load-bearing mammalian tendons using a microelectromechanical systems platform. The in vitro modulus (326 ± 112 MPa) and fracture stress (71 ± 23 MPa) are shown to be lower than previously measured on fibrils extracted from sea cucumber dermis and tested ...

-1. Paramyosins isolated from nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, clam Meretrix meretrix and Mercenaria mercenaria, scallop Patinopecten yessoensis, abalone Notohaliotis discus, lobster Homarus vulgaris and sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilata were examined for phosphorylation rate and immunological reactivity against anti-Meretrix ~t-paramyosin antiserum. 2. A high phosphorylation was only observ...

the intestinal bacterial diversity of stichopus japonicus was investigated using 16s ribosomal rna gene (rdna) clone library and polymerase chain reaction/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). the clone library yielded a total of 188 clones, and these were sequenced and classified into 106 operational taxonomic units (otus) with sequence similarity ranging from 88 to 100%. the cov...