In this article, we follow the trajectory of a photon in the human cornea. Prior to experimental evidence of the cornea’s gradient refractive index (GRIN) nature, schematic eye models used a constant or average as the corneal refractive index. A few recent models respect the intracorneal GRIN, but are based on the paraxial approximation, and thereby have limited validity in peripheral visual fi...

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INTRODUCTION Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology characterized by noncaseating granulomas. The disorder is a multisystemic disease and affects many organs, including most often the lung, lymph nodes, skin, heart, liver, muscles, and the eye. MATERIAL AND METHODS [corrected] Based on a review of the literature and on an algorithm generated in an internationa...

Ultrasound-guided needle insertion is essential in many of minimally invasive surgeries or procedures, such as biopsy, drug delivery, spinal anaesthesia, etc. Accurate and safe needle insertion is a difficult task due to the high requirement of hand-eye coordination skills. Many proposed virtual reality (VR) based training systems put their emphasis on realistic simulation instead of pedagogica...

Infants’ sensitivity to visual prosodic motion in infant-directed speech was examined by testing whether 8-month-olds can match an audio-only sentence with its visual-only schematic point-light display. The visual stimuli were sentence pairs of equal duration but unequal syllable number recorded using Optotrak. Twelve of the fourteen 8-month-olds tested looked longer at visual speech motion tha...

We measured the monochromatic aberrations of five subjects' right eyes both temporally and nasally out to 40 degrees from fixation. We used a Hartmann-Shack sensor with modifications to equipment and software to enable off-axis measurements. Results were standardized for 6-mm pupils. There was considerable variation among subjects in the pattern of aberrations. Aberrations were generally greate...

This article presents a rigorous synthesis method of transmission-line filter whose second passband can be placed at any multiple the center frequency, in theory. Two coupled-line schematics for harmonic-controlled bandpass filters are derived from fundamental LC prototypes. Their design parame...