This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey of the operations research models developed for internal audit planning. Two alternative approaches have been followed in the literature for audit planning: (1) identifying the optimal audit frequency; and (2) determining the optimal audit resource allocation. The first approach identifies the elapsed time between two successive audits, which can be...

In contrast to limb muscles, the usual response of human inspiratory muscles to sudden loading consists of an initial marked reduction of electromyographic activity (EMG) followed by a subsequent increase in EMG. To determine definitively whether pulmonary receptors are necessary for this short-latency reflex inhibition produced by airway occlusion, we studied five subjects with complete pulmon...

Previous findings have provided strong evidence that myostatin functions as a negative regulator of muscle mass during development and growth. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that myostatin may serve a similar function in fully differentiated muscle experiencing modified loading. Our findings show that myostatin expression can be modulated in fully differentiated, nonpathological s...

the dramatic increasing of sea-freight container transportations and the developing trend for using containers in the multimodal handling systems through the sea, rail, road and land in the present market cause some challenges to the general managers of container terminals such as increasing demand, competitive situation, new investments and expansion of new activities and the need to use new m...

preventive maintenance scheduling is to perform a series of tasks that prevents or minimizes production breakdowns and improves the reliability. mathematical models have been developed to solve the preventive maintenance scheduling problem. there are several limitations in the prior work in this area of research. craft combinations are assumed to be given. the craft combination problem concerns...

Abstract Reinforced concrete is a construction material used frequently in Indonesia to build structural members especially beam structures. As one of the members, should be able carry flexural and shear loading as well distribute column eventually foundation. In order avoid failure design, reinforced continuously studied. This research investigates its behavior at monotonic loading-unloading s...

This chapter provides a summary of the planning and scheduling decisions for outpatient procedure centers. A summary and background of outpatient procedure centers and their operations is provided along with the challanges faced by managers. Planning and scheduling decisions are discussed and categorized as either long or short term decisions. Examples and results are drawn from the literature ...

The aim of the present investigation was to characterize the baroreflex in weaned 23- to 25-day-old rats when maternal influences were no longer present. The relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) was determined during baroreceptor loading with phenylephrine and baroreceptor unloading with sodium nitroprusside in conscious rats, first in the freely moving state an...