4 Emission inequality across countries and the contribution of the energy mix and the sectoral 5 composition of a country’s energy use are of central importance to the climate debate. We 6 analyze the evolution of inequality in global CO2 per capita emissions using both historical 7 data on energy-related CO2 emissions and future emission scenarios generated with the 8 integrated assessment mod...

Animal welfare legislation in the EU, i.e., the EU Directives for the protection of farm animals coming into force by 2013 the latest, and the EU Regulation on organic farming might lead to an increase in ammonia (NH3) emissions. A review of the available, although rather limited, literature reveals that animal-friendly housings systems, in line with welfare legislation, are not ammonia-neutral...

The REDD+ scheme of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a carbon-based compensation for projects that resulted in reducing carbon emissions or enhancing carbon sinks or both in tropical forests. However, estimating such emissions and sinks remains challenging, and thus making it impossible to estimate carbon revenues from managing tropical forests. Here, we estimated th...

Ambitious climate change mitigation requires the implementation of effective and equitable climate policy and GHG emission reduction measures. The objective of this study was to explore the significance of the uncertainties related to GHG emission reduction measures and policies by providing viewpoints on biofuels production, grid electricity consumption and differentiation of emission reductio...

[1] We investigate the impact of climate change on future air quality in the United States with a coupled global/regional scale modeling system. Regional climate model scenarios developed by dynamically downscaling outputs from the GISS GCM are used by CMAQ to simulate present air pollution climatology, and modeled surface ozone mixing ratios are compared with recent observations. Though the mo...

In March 2000, the European Commission presented a Green Paper on greenhouse gas emissions trading within Europe, supporting implementation of a Community-wide scheme in which the design and regulation of all essential elements would be harmonized at the Community level. The present paper analyzes economic arguments used to justify such a coordinated scenario, showing these arguments to be base...

This article reports on a simulation and scenario analysis of Chinese passenger vehicle growth and resulting energy demand and CO2 emissions. The model includes provincial level logistic growth functions with saturation levels representative of neighboring Asian economies, income growth measured in international dollars, and both estimated and literature-based income elasticities. Scenarios exp...

The implementation of Distributed Generation (DG) may lead to increased pollutant emissions that adversely affect air quality. This work presents a systematic methodology to characterise DG installation in urban basins. First, a set of parameters that characterise a DG implementation scenario is described. Second, a general approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data is presented. ...

[1] Global simulations of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium aerosols are performed for the present day and 2050 using the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. Changes in climate and emissions projected by the IPCC A1B scenario are imposed separately and together, with the primary focus of the work on future inorganic aerosol levels over the United States. Climate change alone is predicted to lead t...

Globally, population ageing is accelerating, i.e., the share of older persons in the population is increasing. The population ageing can have considerable impacts on economic growth, energy use and related carbon emissions, affecting sustainable development. A few studies have analyzed the issue by econometric methods, decomposition and CGE modeling. To facilitate understanding of the simulated...