in this research nanoparticles of nickel (ii) chloride were synthesized and characterized using fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectra. nanoparticles of nickel (ii) chloride were prepared by using of ball mill device. a ball mill is one kind of grinding machine, and it is a device in which media balls and solid materials (the materials to be ground) are placed in a container. in the researc...

introduction: this study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of new bioceramic materials, endosequence root repair material (errm putty and errm paste), to that of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) as root-end filling materials. materials and methods: thirty-six extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared and obturated with gutta-percha and ah-26 sealer. the roots were resected 3 mm f...

introduction : the aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the physical surface changes and incidence of separation in rotary nickel-titanium (niti) instruments using scanning electron microscope (sem). methods and materials: a total number of 210 freshly extracted human maxillary and mandibular first molars were selected and distributed between three groups. three different syst...