Fluid flow in the vadose zone is governed by Richards equation; it is parameterized by hydraulic conductivity, which is a nonlinear function of pressure head. Investigations in the vadose zone typically require characterizing distributed hydraulic properties. Saturation or pressure head data may include direct measurements made from boreholes. Increasingly, proxy measurements from hydrogeophysi...

Cholesterol in human bile is solubilized in micelles by (relatively hydrophobic) bile salts and phosphatidylcholine (unsaturated acyl chains at sn-2 position). Hydrophilic tauroursodeoxycholate, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin all decrease cholesterol crystal-containing zones in the equilibrium ternary phase diagram (van Erpecum, K. J., and M. C. Carey. 1997. Biochim. Biophys...

This paper suggests a new set of analytical solutions for predicting leakage-induced seepage field and ground settlement in saturated clay. A unique feature of the solutions presented is considering the effect of the tunnel lining through the relative permeability between the tunnel and the soil. Through the superposition method, the proposed method can be easily extended to twin parallel tunne...

Agonists induce Ca2+ spikes, waves and oscillations initiating at a trigger zone in exocrine acinar cells via Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. Using a low affinity ratiometric Ca2+ indicator dye, benzothiazole coumarin (BTC), we found that high concentrations of agonists transiently increased Ca2+ concentrations to the micromolar range (>10 microM) in the trigger zone. Comparison wi...

Riparian zones in semi-arid regions often exhibit high rates of evapotranspiration (ET) in spite of low soil moisture content due to vegetation that is able to withdraw water from shallow aquifers. This work better defines the relationship between ET and the saturated zone by comparing the observed water table drawdown to analytically modeled drawdown in fully penetrating wells of an unconfined...

1. introduction generally, landslide studies include process identification, risk analysis and landslide risk prediction (taleby and ezaddoost, 2012). nowadays, there are different methods for landslide simulation such as statistical, descriptive and process-based approaches. however, most studies in iran are based on statistical and descriptive methods (taleby and ezaddoost, 2012). landslide z...

As geographical information systems (GIS) are increasingly being applied to surface and subsurface flow and transport modeling issues, it becomes important to more clearly define potential advantages and achievable objectives with this technology. This chapter describes an integrated conceptual framework for predicting basin-scale solute loading rates through and from the vadose zone. The appro...

To examine the relationship between lipid-degrading enzyme activities and lipid composition in estuarine sediments, lipase activities and fatty acids in surface sediments at di€erent stations along the Altamaha River were determined during a high discharge period. Freshwater sandy sediments from upstream stations were characterized by low organic carbon and low lipid contents. Sediments from th...

A 1D reactive transport model (RTM) is used to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the fate of phosphorus (P) in the saturated zone of two contrasting aquifer systems. We use the field data from two oxic, electron donor-poor, wastewater-impacted, sandy Canadian aquifers, (Cambridge and Muskoka sites) as an example of a calcareous and non-calcareous groundwater system, respectively, to validat...