What are the mechanisms by which behavior is organized sequentially over time? The recently developed mid-session reversal (MSR) task offers new insights into this fundamental question. The typical MSR task is arranged to have a single reversed discrimination occurring in a consistent location within each session and across sessions. In this task, we examine the relevance of time, reinforcement...

The effects of soil type, irrigation, and population density of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton were evaluated in a two-year microplot experiment. Six soil types, Fuquay sand, Norfolk sandy loam, Portsmouth loamy sand, Muck, Cecil sandy loam, and Cecil sandy clay, were arranged in randomized complete blocks with five replications. Each block had numerous plots previously inoculated with R. r...

The Amazon region is one of the Earth’s hotspots biodiversity and has a pivotal role in climate regulation. Yet, little known about its coastal biodiversity. Here, we performed first assessment macrobenthic diversity ecological patterns sandy beaches north River delta, world’s largest freshwater input into oceans. By assessing spatial temporal changes soft-bottom environmental variables three (...

The generation and propagation of infragravity waves at sandy coasts has received significant attention (e.g. Herbers et al., 1994). This is in contrast with tidal inlets where both observations modeling studies are scarce. Here we present novel over an ebb-tidal delta located Ameland, the Netherlands. objective to understand evolution free bound as they propagate from deeper shelf onto shoal i...

Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) have stranded in association with mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS) use, and though the causative mechanism linking these events remains unclear, it is believed to be behaviourally mediated. To determine whether MFAS use was associated with behavioural changes in this species, satellite tags were used to record the diving and movements of 16 Cuvier's...