Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a skin infection caused by various species of Leishmania parasites, which is transmitted by infected Phlebotomus sandfly bites. Pentavalent antimonials (meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate) are used for the treatment of adult CL patients as an effective and safe method. Liposomal amphotericin B is an alternative for the treatment of choice in cutaneou...

Lutzomyia umbratilis is confirmed as the vector of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, the cause of "pian bois" in man in French Guiana. Although spending most of the year in the forest canopy, this sandfly is abundant at ground level for about two weeks at the beginning of the long rainy season. The maximum number of infective bites per man per hour (3.9) was reached at the end of November 197...

Serial passage of axenically-cultured Leishmania chagasi promastigotes results in a progressive diminution in resistance to complement mediated lysis (CML), whereas high CML resistance is seen in infectious metacyclic promastigotes from the sandfly vector as well as metacyclic-like promastigotes within low passage cultures at stationary growth phase. As previously reported [94], in a screen see...

Sandfly fever, also known as 'three-day fever' or 'pappataci fever' or 'Phlebotomus fever' is a viral infection that causes self-limited influenza-like symptoms and characterized by a rapid onset. The disease occurs commonly in endemic areas in summer months and especially in August during which sandflies are active. In this article, two siblings who presented with high fever, redness in the ey...