As a water quality purification measure for areas such as lakes, a sand capping method by sand-upwelling system was developed. This method involves welling up clean sand from below contaminated sludge by using a water jet. The disposal of sludge and the acquirement of pure sand are not necessary like dredging and conventional sand capping works. Besides, the ecosystem will hardly be disturbed b...

Manufactured sand differs from natural sea and river dredged sand in its physical and mineralogical properties. These can be both beneficial and detrimental to the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study in which manufactured sand produced in an industry sized crushing plant was characterised with respect to its physical and mineralogical...

BACKGROUND Ingestion of sand can cause colic, diarrhoea and weight loss in horses, but these signs are unspecific and can have many other causes. The amount of sand that induces disease may vary between individuals. To avoid over-diagnosing, it is important to determine the amount of sand that can be found in horses without clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. The aim of this study was t...

Zooplankton density and community composition in estuaries can be affected by variation freshwater inputs, with important implications for higher trophic levels. In the San Francisco Estuary, management agencies have initiated autumn flow augmentations form of changes to reservoir releases or exported water from South Delta increase improve available habitat endangered Smelt, Hypomesus transpac...

Invasive species can cause major disruptions in native food webs, yet the impact of introductions and whether they will become invasive appears to be context-dependent. Rainbow smelt alewife co-exist as Laurentian Great Lakes on Atlantic coast North America, but Lake Champlain rainbow is dominant forage fish are invasive. Alewife became abundant by 2007, providing an opportunity explore dynamic...

Field-collected 4th-instar Glyptotendipes paripes larvae from a natural lake in central Florida preferred small-sized (< 0.84-1.99-mm-diam) grains of sand to burrow in and make cases in the laboratory. The larvae buried or formed cases within 3 h of introduction into 120-ml paper cups containing 80 ml tap water and 20 g of the small-diameter sand. When placed in sand with grains of different si...

The paper describes and analyzes original data, extracted from historical documents and scientific surveys, related to Russian fisheries in the southeastern part of the Gulf of Finland and its inflowing rivers during the 15- early 20(th) centuries. The data allow tracing key trends in fisheries development and in the abundance of major commercial species. In particular, results showed that, ove...

We provide the first formal foundation of SAND attack trees which are a popular extension of the well-known attack trees. The SAND attack tree formalism increases the expressivity of attack trees by introducing the sequential conjunctive operator SAND. This operator enables the modeling of ordered events. We give a semantics to SAND attack trees by interpreting them as sets of series-parallel g...

We have performed an experimental study on the evolution of sand ripples formed under the action of an oscillatory flow. An annular sand-water cell was used in order to investigate a wide range of parameters. The sand ripples follow an irreversible condensation mechanism from small to large wavelength until a final state is reached. The wavelength and the shape of these stable sand patterns are...