abstract since the islamic revolution of 1987, iran has been affected by economic sanctions imposed by western countries, especially the u.s. since 2006 and with the development of the iranian nuclear conflict, the united nations has frequently imposed economic and financial sanctions against iran. as a result of these international restrictions and their administration by an international orga...

Academic dishonesty is modeled via Markov chains. The case of student behavior in class assignments, quizzes and exams is analyzed in modeling examples with various levels of surveillance. The choice of modeling based on surveillance and sanctions is motivated by the research literature on the deterrence theory analysis of cheating. In addition, it is shown how surveillance and sanctions could ...

First we show that for wealth-constrained agents who may commit an act twice the optimal sanctions are the offender’s entire wealth for the first and zero for the second crime. Then we ask the question whether this decreasing sanction scheme is subgame perfect (time consistent), i.e., does a rent-seeking government stick to this sanction scheme after the first crime has occurred. If the benefit...

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a non-performance of contract in due date is considered as an actual breach, has sanctions in order to securing interest of the injured party. has foreseeable breach of contract - it is accepted today as an actual breach by different legal systems - the same sanctions of actual breach of contract? in this article suspension of performance of obligations by innocent party and, in some conditions...

Abstract Since the Islamic Revolution of 1987, Iran has been affected by economic sanctions imposed by Western countries, especially the U.S. Since 2006 and with the development of the Iranian nuclear conflict, the United Nations has frequently imposed economic and financial sanctions against Iran. As a result of these international restrictions and their administration by an international or...