the valley of alamut is situated in the north – east of qazvin province. the region is an enclave in the form of a u shape valley in the central alborz chains and opening up to the fertile qazvin plains. the mountains of alamut were ideal for construction of castles. the natural heights contains a section of the defensive structure of the castles. in 1090 a.d, hassan sabbah , the leader of is...

The operating hourly cost of the machine is a suitable factor to analyze the cost fluctuation certain machinery in a changing environment and to find of economically feasible work concepts for the studied machine system. This paper, which is based on studies carried out in northern forests of IR-Iran, analyzed and compared costs of four skidding and excavation machines used in timber harvesting...

Mechanised tunnelling is characterised by a number of interacting components relevant for the excavation process (the soil including groundwater, the TBM, the linings, the support at the cutting face and the tail void) and by a staged process of excavation and lining erection. This imposes a considerable challenge for realistic modelling of the tunnelling process. The paper addresses recent adv...

Purpose. To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) concurrent with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using multimodal imaging. Methods. This was a retrospective single-institution study. Clinical features and multimodal imaging findings were analyzed in eyes with CSC and FCEs, using imaging methods including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OC...

Automation of site preparation and resource utilization on the Moon with teams of autonomous robots holds considerable promise for establishing a lunar base. Such multirobot autonomous systems would require limited human support infrastructure, complement necessary manned operations and reduce overall mission risk. We present an Artificial Neural Tissue (ANT) architecture as a control system fo...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the success rate of nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury in an institution using splenic embolization. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of all patients admitted to a Level I trauma center with blunt splenic injury. Data review included patient demographics, computed tomographic (CT) scan results, management technique, a...

BACKGROUND Factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) after salvage therapy for recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the context of human papillomavirus (HPV) are poorly understood. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of patients with recurrent oropharyngeal SCC with known HPV tumor status who received salvage therapy. RESULTS Eighty-six patien...

Administrative planning rules and legal challenges can have significant economic impacts on timber salvage programs on public lands. This paper examines the costs of the delay in salvage caused by planning rules and the costs associated with the volume reductions forced by legal challenges in one case study. The fires on the Bitterroot National Forest in the northern Rocky Mountains in the Unit...

The use of intraoperative cell salvage and autologous blood transfusion has become an important method of blood conservation. The main aim of autologous transfusion is to reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion and its associated complications. Allogeneic blood transfusion has been associated with increased risk of tumour recurrence, postoperative infection, acute lung injury, perioper...