Empirical evidence from clinical, nonhuman animal, and in vitro studies point to links between immune function and gonadal steroids, including potential androgenic immunosuppression and estrogenic immunoenhancement. This study was designed to test links between steroids and one marker of mucosal humoral immunity-immunoglobulin A (IgA) in healthy individuals, to facilitate comparisons with other...

Repeated measurement of ovarian steroids in saliva could provide an advantage in studies estimating long-term sex steroid exposure in premenopausal women, by reducing the measurement error associated with collection of serum or urine samples. We previously reported on characteristics of ultrasensitive RIAs adapted for extraction-free measurement of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PG) in saliva...

Cortisol has frequently been used as a stress marker, and the variation in cortisol levels saliva hair, well between males females, reported. This study aimed to evaluate compare level of hair among dental students both genders. After giving written agreement, 151 (79 72 females) participated study. Saliva samples were collected at two time intervals with gap three months from same set particip...

Streptococcus mutans is present in the saliva of most individuals and is modified by salivary components bound to the cells. These saliva-bound S. mutans are swallowed, exposed to high levels of acidity in the stomach, and presented to the common mucosal immune system. Much effort has been directed to identifying the specific S. mutans antigens that the mucosal immune responses are directed aga...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a disease that is prevalent worldwide and is responsible for 10% of the deaths that occur every year. The virus persists in 5% of infected adults and 90% of infected children and can cause chronic hepatitis. In addition to blood, the virus may also be present in other secretions. Transmission through saliva, sexual fluids, and urine has also been confirmed. OBJECTIVE...

Abstract Objectives Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease caused by the colonization and proliferation of bacteria in mouth. Recently, it has been reported that local antioxidant oxidant status may play an important role pathogenesis dental caries. Visfatin adipocytokine enhances leukocyte activation release proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, our aim was to investigate sal...

Saliva is considered to be as a profound biological fluid that collection of lot components and they have their own features. It contributes in good oral health helps maintaining assisting the environment. In addition, there are many advantages employing saliva substrate for diagnostic analysis its component levels severely affected case systemic diseases such xerostomia, salivary gland disorde...

Background: Influenza A virus (IAV) is the most widely reported influenza type in swine populations worldwide. Since no information was available on IAV prevalence backyard South Africa, we, for first time, performed a molecular surveillance detecting uMgungundlovu District of KwaZulu-Natal province Africa. Methods: Swine oral secretion (saliva) samples (n=102) were collected from three farms d...

Background: Studies with longitudinal and/or time-series designs would benefit from non-invasive methods to assess immune response. Immune response levels typically are measured with blood obtained by venipuncture, which is distressing to subjects and, thus, may adversely affect recruitment and retention of subjects in studies with multiple or repeated biological sampling. Aims: The study aims ...

A novel and robust screening method for the determination of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, efavirenz (EFV), in human saliva has been developed and validated based on high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation of the saliva involved solid-phase extraction (SPE) on C18 cartridges. The analytes were separated by high perform...