Craniofacial microsomia is a broad term that covers a variety of craniofacial malformation conditions that are caused by alterations in the derivatives of the first and second pharyngeal arches. In general terms, diverse therapeutic alternatives are proposed according to the growth stage and the severity of the alteration. When craniofacial growth has concluded, conventional orthognathic surger...

For Class III adult patients, combined treatment strategy must be followed which includes either further dentoalveolar compensation or orthognathic surgery following decompensation of the teeth. This case report presents the interdisciplinary approach of a skeletal Class III malocclusion with increased vertical facial dimension, occlusal cant, extracted posterior teeth on the right upper and le...

Orthognathic surgery in general addresses young patients and aims to improve their bite function and to harmonize their facial aesthetics. Secure surgical standards and a defined post-surgical protocol of after-care are indispensable to reduce surgical as well as anaesthesiological risks in this area of complex elective surgery. The development of pneumomediastinum is a rare incident but threat...

Serious lip injuries can occur during orthognathic surgery. Although an Angle Wider device, which is commonly used during orthognathic surgery, provides some lip protection, it leaves more than half of the lip exposed to surgical instruments. Here, we describe a novel technique to protect the entire upper and lower lips during orthognathic surgery using a minilaparotomy wound edge protector (La...

Factor XI deficiency (Hemophilia C) is a very rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. Patients with factor XI deficiency do not typically show any spontaneous bleeding or specific symptoms. Sometimes those who have this disorder are identified during special situations such as trauma or surgery. Orthognathic surgery is particularly associated with a high bleeding risk. Therefore, great care...

The dental occlusion and alterations in orofacial muscles were studied in 267 patients whose severe anterior open bite had been treated with a Le Fort 1 intrusion osteotomy with or without an advancement sagittal split osteotomy about 6 years ago. Only 17% of those patients showed anterior contact, and 20% had no vertical overlap of mandibular and maxillary central incisors at all. Tongue posit...

Stability of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is an important goal for every surgeon. In the article factors influencing stability of the surgery result are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to different types of fixation of bone fragments. Their advantages and disadvantages in clinical use are discussed. Relapse after BSSO is usually classified as early and long-term relapse. Early ...

In this report we describe a combined orthodontic and surgical treatment for a 14-year-old boy with severe skeletal class III deformity and dental problem. His upper posterior primary teeth in the left side were over-retained and 6 maxillary teeth (bilateral central incisors and canines, left first and second premolars) were impacted, together with 5 supernumerary teeth in both arches. The trea...

Successful bone sawing requires a high level of skill and experience, which could be gained by the use of Virtual Reality-based simulators. A key aspect of these medical simulators is realistic force feedback. The aim of this paper is to model the bone sawing process in order to develop a valid training simulator for the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, the most often applied corrective surg...

Many reports have paid attention to skeletal stability after orthognathic surgery, but only few focalize attention on patients with III class III malocclusion and open bite. In this article, long-term stability (2 yr) of the maxilla and the mandible after orthognathic surgery in 40 patients with class III malocclusion and anterior open bite is evaluated. The sample has been obtained from those ...