Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is now the standard of care for the majority of women with early stage breast cancer. There is a finite rate of ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR) for breast conserving therapy (BCT) with annual rates of less than 1% for specialist breast practices. There has been recent consensus on the definition of an adequate resection margin for both invasive and no...

Standard treatment for clinical stage I esophageal cancer with submucosal invasion (T1b) has been surgical resection. We conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of combined treatment of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and chemoradiotherapy for clinical stage I (T1b) esophageal cancer. Patients diagnosed as having clinical stage I (T1b) esophageal cancer which is co...

BACKGROUND Paraglottic space (PGS) is a connective tissue compartment of the larynx and is important in the extension of laryngeal cancer. It communicates with the preepiglottic space superiorly and with the extralaryngeal region inferiorly through the gap within the cricothyroid membrane. Transglottic cancer of the larynx, which spreads within PGS, is characterized by a high incidence of laryn...

Airlines are the business of transporting passengers in which the safety and risk have always been important. We use the fuzzy CAPM and fuzzy ICAPM models to investigate the underwriting systematic risk and profit margin of aviation transportation, in which the parameters of membership function are the asymmetric triangular fuzzy number. We calculate the underwriting systematic risk and profit ...

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a rare heterogeneous group of inherited neuromuscular disorders associated with distinctive clinical, electrophysiological, ultrastructural and genetic abnormalities. These genetic defects either impair neuromuscular transmission directly or result in secondary impairments, which eventually compromise the safety margin of neuromuscular transmission. In ...

A novel approach for evaluation of a grasp in humans is presented. The key novelty is combination of a haptic interface with force/torque transducers for measuring the grasp force. This paper presents results of grasp and load force coordination for quasi-static and dynamic external load force disturbances for a power grasp. An elevation of the grasp force is observed in a dynamic task. Elevati...

We describe an unusual case in which an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator failed to defibrillate the patient during testing at implant; rather, an adequate safety margin was achieved only after introduction of a shocking coil into the azygos vein. The azygos vein is an attractive extracardiac target for placement of a shocking coil, as it provides an ideal shock vector. Tools designed for ...

Five of the substituted ethylenediamine amides (LMG I to V) were tested for various CNS attributes and for acute toxicity (24 hr mortality). All compounds were potent analgesics in various animal tests, LMG V being most potent. All reduced spontaneous activity of mice and potentiated ether anaesthesia. However, CAR was not altered and anti-MES were not pronounced in rats. Compounds appear to ha...

Basal cell carcinoma is the most commonly seen nonmelanoma skin cancer which is rarely encountered in the childhood period. An 11-year old child was admitted to our clinic due to an erythematous and a slightly pigmented lesion with a 3 × 4 cm diameter on his posterior scalp. Macroscopically, the lesion was excised with a 10 mm safety margin. Pathologic examination revealed a basal cell carcinom...

The sodium salt of cyclohexenylmethyl-Nmethyl barbituric acid (evipan sodium) is a comparatively new basal anaesthetic. It is supposed to have the property of inducing surgical anaesthesia for short periods of about 15 to 20 minutes. It has a wide margin of safety and so it has gained considerable popularity as a general anaesthetic in surgical procedures of short duration. Anaesthetics in gene...