Title of Thesis: Failure Surface for L-shaped Reinforced Concrete Short Columns Mon-Chen Liu, Master of Science in Civil Engineering, 1983 Thesis directed by: Dr, C.T. Thomas Hsu Assistant Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Combined bending and axial compression for L-shaped reinforced concrete short columns is a common problem. But the present ACI Building Code (ACI 31...

Few studies have focused on the post-eruption evolution of maar craters and associated lake level changes, although breaching crater rim poses mass-flow flood hazards long after initial eruption. Lake Pavin is a in French Massif central formed by an eruption c. 6700 years ago. The perched edge glacially-shaped valley overlooks surrounding subdued landscape. breached to north overflow channel, s...

We report a new type of standing gravity wave of large amplitude, having alternatively the shape of a star and of a polygon. This wave is observed by means of a laboratory experiment by vertically vibrating a tank. The symmetry of the star (i.e., the number of branches) is independent of the container form and size, and can be changed according to the amplitude and frequency of the vibration. W...

Mining fracture is the key factor in realizing water-conservation mining, stability evaluation of coal mining subsidence areas, and accurate restoration surface eco-environment. To clarify, evolution distribution fractures, based on strata theory degree overburden failure, contact state rock stratum after critical failure was analyzed, formation mechanism “saddle shaped” water conducting zone r...

Thanks to the advantage of balancing nonlinear effects and transverse mode instability, vary core diameter active fiber (VCAF) has been widely used in high power ytterbium-doped lasers recent years. Up now, VCAF developed from basic form original tapered spindle-shaped saddle-shaped with different characteristics applied conventional lasers, oscillating–amplifying integrated quasi-continuous wa...

Plant cuticles are covered by epicuticular waxes with considerable ultrastructural and chemical diversity and have great systematic significance. Pinus elderica is a rare pine found naturally only in desert environment southeast of Tbilisi (Georgia). This tree have been probably introduced to Iran about 800 years ago and gradually altered in both shape and size in Nashtifan-Khaf, and changed in...