We explored the underlying mechanisms of differentiation, dedifferentiation, reprogramming and transdifferentiation (cell type switchings) from landscape and flux perspectives. Lineage reprogramming is a new regenerative method to convert a matured cell into another cell including direct transdifferentiation without undergoing a pluripotent cell state and indirect transdifferentiation with an i...

Motivated by experimental and numerical studies revealing that discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles may adopt flat elliptical and nonplanar saddle-like configurations, it is hypothesized that these might represent stabilized configurations of initially unstable flat circular particles. A variational description is developed to explore the stability of a flat circular discoidal HDL...

We bring together the theories of duality and dynamic programming. We show that the dual of an additively separable dynamic optimization problem can be recursively decomposed using summaries of past Lagrange multipliers as state variables. Analogous to the Bellman decomposition of the primal problem, we prove equality of values and solution sets for recursive and sequential dual problems. In no...

We generalize the string method, originally designed for the study of thermally activated rare events, to the calculation of quantum tunneling rates. This generalization is based on the formal analogy between quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics in the path-integral formalism. The quantum string method first locates the minimal action path (MAP), which is a smooth curve connecting two mi...

Gravitational thermodynamics and gravitoscalar with $S^2 \times \mathbb{R}$ boundary geometry are investigated through the partition function, assuming that all Euclidean saddle point geometries contribute to path integral dominant ones in $B^3 S^1$ or Disc$ topology sector. In first part, I concentrate on purely gravitational case without a cosmological constant show there exists new type of g...

Magnetic hopfions are string-like three-dimensional topological solitons, characterised by the Hopf invariant. They serve as a fundamental prototype for magnetic quasi-particles and an inspiration novel device concepts in field of spintronics. Based on micromagnetic model without considering temperature, existence such has been predicted certain magnets with competing exchange interactions. How...

Time-delayed feedback control was introduced by Pyragas in 1992 as a general method for stabilizing an unstable periodic orbit of a given continuous-time dynamical system. The analysis of Pyragas control focused on its application to the normal form of a subcritical Hopf bifurcation, and it was initially concerned with stabilization near the Hopf bifurcation. A recent study considered this norm...

| The paper is devoted to nding the most dangerous (critical) changes of parameters which put the power system on either a saddle node or Hopf bifurcation boundary. The corresponding vectors in the space of system parameters provide information about stability margins, give a measure of and locally optimal ways to improve power system security, indicate parameters which badly aaect stability. T...