Let {X(s, t), s = (s1, s2) ∈ R2, t ∈ R} be a stationary random field defined over a discrete lattice. In this paper, we consider a set of domain of attraction criteria giving the notion of extremal index for random fields. Together with the extremal-types theorem given by Leadbetter and Rootzen (1997), this will give a characterization of the limiting distribution of the maximum of such random ...

Background and Objective: In Indonesia, diphtheria cases caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae are still occurring until today. One of the causes is probably the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxR) gene which influences toxin expression. Therefore, in this study the characterization of the gene was performed to determine the mutations that affect the DtxR protein.   Methods: The dtxR genes of ...

The SALMFamides are a family of neuropeptides that act as muscle relaxants in echinoderms. Two types of SALMFamides have been identified: L-type (e.g. the starfish neuropeptides S1 and S2) with the C-terminal motif LxFamide (x is variable) and F-type with the C-terminal motif FxFamide. In the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (class Echinoidea) there are two SALMFamide genes, one encodin...

Many viruses invade mucosal surfaces to establish infection in the host. Some viruses are restricted to mucosal surfaces, whereas others disseminate to sites of secondary replication. Studies of strain-specific differences in reovirus mucosal infection and systemic dissemination have enhanced an understanding of viral determinants and molecular mechanisms that regulate viral pathogenesis. After...

High resolution MNase (micrococcal nuclease) footprinting (Figure S1) shows TFIIIC binding to chromatin but no nucleosomal footprint is seen on the transcribed region of the gene, suggesting unlike SNR6 (24), gene is not covered by a positioned nucleosome. A chromatin-specific MNase hypersensitivity downstream of box B probably denotes the boundary of a positioned nucleosome downstream, coverin...

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) causes severe diarrhea in newborn calves, is associated with winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory infections in calves and feedlot cattle. The BCoV S protein plays a fundamental role in viral attachment and entry into the host cell, and is cleaved into two subunits termed S1 (amino terminal) and S2 (carboxy terminal). The present study describes a strategy ...

Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) has been shown to be the main collagenase responsible for degradation of articular cartilage during osteoarthritis and therefore represents a target for drug development. As a result of high-throughput screening and structure-activity relationship studies, we identified a novel, highly selective class of MMP-13 inhibitors (compounds 1 (Q), 2 (Q1), and 3 (Q2)...