The effect a perturbing field has on an electromagnetically induced transparency within a three-level system is presented. The perturbing field is applied resonant between one of the lower levels of the system and a fourth level. The electromagnetically induced transparency feature is split and this is measured experimentally for both single and bichromatic driving fields. In the single-driving...

In bilateral teleoperation, the operator holds a local robot which determines the motion of a remote robot and continuously receives delayed force feedback. Transparency is a measure of teleoperation system fidelity. The ideal teleoperator system is the identity channel, in which there is neither delay nor distortion. During the last decades transparency was widely analyzed using two-port hybri...

Abstract Automated algorithms are silently making crucial decisions about our lives, but most of the time we have little understanding how they work. To counter this hidden influence, there been increasing calls for algorithmic transparency. Much ink has spilled over informational account transparency—about much information should be revealed inner workings an algorithm. But few studies questio...

Since the early 1990’s the general and financial management of the Victorian public sector has been significantly transformed. This research constructs and explains the content, nature and quality of non-financial disclosures, including those related to performance indicators via a disclosure indicator analysis (DIA) of actual reporting practices in recent Government Budget papers. It reports t...

Introduction What can transparency contribute to those seeking to improve the effectiveness of earth system governance? This article distinguishes among various policies designed to promote transparency based on the mechanisms by which they influence behavior and, thereby, seeks to identify the conditions under which we might expect them to promote socially desirable behavior and to discourage ...

The Bujumbura meteorological station lies at the northern end of the lake (3.32° S, 29.32° E), while the Mbala station is situated 40 km from the southern end (8.85° S, 31.33° E). Both stations are part of the World Meteorological Organisation network. The lake temperature was measured with a CTD12+ instrument (accuracy ±0.01 °C) and an automatic ANDERAA thermistor string installed in the south...

A 4 bit/sample transform coder is designed using a psychoacoustically derived noise masking threshold based on the shortterm input spectrum of the signal. The coder has been tested in a formal subjective test involving a wide selection of monophonic audio inputs. The signals used in the test were of 15 kHz bandwidth, sampled at 32 kHz. The bit rate of the resulting coder was 128 kbits/s. The su...

Electromagnetically induced transparency is a type of quantum interference that induces near-zero reflection and near-perfect transmission. As a classical analogy, metal nanostructure plasmonic 'molecules' produce plasmon-induced transparency conventionally. Herein, an electromagnetically induced transparency interaction is demonstrated in silicon nanosphere oligomers, wherein the strong magnet...

(2) Socrates is a man are semantic, and not merely syntactic, constituents of (1); someone who does not understand that name or that predicate does not understand (1). In this respect (1) differs from the metalinguistic “Socrates is a man” is a necessary truth in English. (b) Intuitively, also, (1) results from the application of a sentential operator “necessarily” to (2) at least somewhat as S...