In 1999, Coron, Naccache and Stern discovered an existential signature forgery for two popular rsa signature standards, iso/iec 97961 and 2. Following this attack iso/iec 9796-1 was withdrawn. iso/iec 9796-2 was amended by increasing the message digest to at least 160 bits. Attacking this amended version required at least 2 operations. In this paper, we exhibit algorithmic refinements allowing ...

This study uses atomic force microscopy (AFM) force-deformation (F-Δ) curves to investigate for the first time the Young's modulus of a phospholipid microbubble (MB) ultrasound contrast agent. The stiffness of the MBs was calculated from the gradient of the F-Δ curves, and the Young's modulus of the MB shell was calculated by employing two different mechanical models based on the Reissner and e...

Objective The current standard used to measure setting time for Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) involves indentation testing with arbitrary weights. This study compared indentation testing against rheological measurements and assessed the influences of particle size and the inclusion of bismuth oxide on the setting time of experimental MTA and Portland cement (PC). Material and methods Two PCs...

Structural defects in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have significant influence on the electric, optical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties of the material. Among all the types of structural defects of the chemical vapor phase-grown monolayer MoS2, the VMoS3 point defect (a vacancy complex of Mo and three nearby S atoms) is another type of defect preferentially generated by th...

called maximum shear modulus, Gmax. It can be determined by in-situ methods from the measurements of the shear wave velocity, Vs, by means of crosshole, down-hole, up-hole, or surface wave testing. The relationship between maximum shear modulus and shear wave velocity is rigorous: 2 max s G V    where ρ is soil density. This parameter can be also obtained in laboratory by resonant column or ...

strength, flexural modulus, and contraction stress of one orthodontic composite and two flowable composites. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 45 human maxillary premolars with the composites Transbond XT, Filtek Z-350 flow and Opallis flow and tested for shear bond strength. For measurement of flexural strength and flexural modulus, specimens were fabricated and tested under flexion. For the...

a new three-dimensional unit cell model has been developed for modeling three constituent phases including inclusion, interphase and matrix. the total elastic modulus of nano-composite is evaluated.  numerical results are in good agreement with the previous proposed theoretical modeling. higher matrix and inclusion elastic modulus both can dramatically influence the total elastic modulus.