After more than a century of research the typical growth pattern of a tree was thought to be fairly well understood. Following germination height growth accelerates for some time, then increment peaks and the added height each year becomes less and less. The cross sectional area (basal area) of the tree follows a similar pattern, but the maximum basal area increment occurs at some time after th...

The atypical MAP kinases ERK3 and ERK4 are activated by phosphorylation of a single serine residue lying within the signature sequence S-E-G in the activation loop. Thus far theregulation of ERK3 and ERK4 phosphorylation and thus activity is poorly understood. Herewe have screened mammalian dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases for their ability tointeract with ERK3 and ERK4 and ...

Despite being the most hunted movement in history, Al Qaeda and its associate organisations will pose a significant threat in 2003. Al Qaeda per se will fragment, decentralise, regroup in five zones of the world, work with like?minded groups, select a wider range of targets, focus on economic targets and population centres, and conduct most attacks in the global south. Although the group will b...

Health-seeking habits play a critical role in early diagnosis and effective treatment for leprosy. The utilization of a health care system depends on socio-demographic factors, social structures, level of education, cultural beliefs and practices, gender discrimination, status of women, economic and political systems, environmental conditions, disease pattern and health care system itself. A cr...

the first part of the paper describes the persian translation of naṣīr al-dīn al-ṭūsī’s taḥrīr kitāb uqlīdis by quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī, with a primary focus on his appendix to book i. part of a larger encyclopedic collection, al-shīrāzī’s translation continued to be read for centuries. as evidence of the work’s influence, al-shīrāzī’s appendix to book i was included in a nineteenth century prin...