The ability of targeted and nontargeted metabolomics to discover chronic ecotoxicological effects is largely unexplored. Fenitrothion, an organophosphate pesticide, is categorized as a "red list" pollutant, being particularly hazardous to aquatic life. It acts primarily as a cholinesterase inhibitor, but evidence suggests it can also act as an androgen receptor antagonist. Whole-organism fenitr...

A total of 81 roach (Rutilus rutilus) collected from 13 southern English river sites between 2007 and 2012, were analysed for organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, PBDEs and some metals. Unexpectedly high concentrations of the banned insecticide DDT and its degradation products DDE and DDD (∑DDTs) were found in the 10 fish from the river Lee (or Lea) which averaged 88 ± 70 (standard deviation) μg/kg...

Highly purified human serum glycoproteins were treated with neuraminidase and examined for their cross reaction with several lectins with anti-galactosyl specificity: beta-D-galactosyl structures are thought to be the main terminal sugar residues that become attached de novo after removal of neuraminic acid. The following lectins were tested: Tridacnin from the bivalve clams Tridacna maxima and...

BACKGROUND Although photoreception is best understood in rods and cones, it is increasingly clear that these are not the only photoreceptive cells of the vertebrate retina. While considerable attention has been paid to the role of melanopsin in the generation of intrinsic light sensitivity in the retinal ganglion cells of mammals, nothing is known about the photoreceptive capacity of the horizo...

How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed ...

The importance of predation risk in shaping patterns of animal migration is not well studied, mostly owing to difficulties in accurately quantifying predation risk for migratory versus resident individuals. Here, we present data from an extensive field study, which shows that migration in a freshwater fish (roach, Rutilus rutilus) that commonly migrates from lakes to streams during winter confe...

Lethal and nonlethal effects of predation are likely to impact phenotypic traits potential prey that elude capture. Nonlethal on can include alterations in behavior or morphology response risk which may impair growth fitness. The application pesticide mosquito control during aquatic stages interact with stress alter density prey. Insect regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen is a mainly prevents pupal-ad...

Global warming, eutrophication, fisheries overexploitation, species invasions, and habitat loss are the major threats to freshwater biodiversity. The aim of this study was determine richness diversity fish in 535 Polish lakes different morphometry (area more than 50 ha a maximum depth ranging from 0.4 108.5 m) trophic status (from oligotrophy hypereutrophy). A total 39 were found studied lakes,...