Developing high-yielding wheat varieties tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses is a challenge breeder currently face. Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Ayub Agricultural (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan, has released 65 varieties, including MH-21, for several zones since its establishment in 1906. with the varietal code V-12304, gave 11.2% 10.28% more grain yield than check variety (Faisalabad-08),...

1 Introduction 2 Advantages of using M. truncatula to study resistance to fungal necrotrophs 3 Fungal pathogens of M. truncatula 4 New pathogens and isolate validation 5 References 1 Introduction Fungal diseases in plants are almost exclusively members of the phylum Ascomycota and subphylum Pezizomycotina. All common crop plants are susceptible to fungal disease of one kind or another. Spore pr...

The production and dissemination of spores by members of the fungal kingdom is a major reason for the success of this eukaryotic lineage in colonizing most terrestrial ecosystems. Ballistospores are a type of spore produced by basidiomycete fungi, such as the mushrooms and plant pathogenic rusts. These spores are forcefully discharged through a unique liquid-drop fusion mechanism, enabling the ...

The removal of Cr(VI) from groundwater by zero-valent iron (Fe0) and microorganisms under different nutrients electron-accepting conditions was investigated using continuously-flowed column reactors with an abiotic Fe0 as the control. Both biotic columns were operated at low relatively high concentrations organic substrates (sodium acetate humic acid) electron acceptors (nitrate sulfate). Sodiu...