The present study was designed to determine whether light-induced rod outer segment disc shedding occurs when the eye is isolated from the rest of the organism. Whole eye explants of Xenopus laevis were maintained in vitro and either exposed to 5 min of light or kept in darkness. In both the in vitro eyes and in vivo controls exposed to the same conditions, a significant degree of disc shedding...

Introduction . In connection with Russia»s withdrawal from the European level system of higher education based on principles Bologna Declaration, question which way Russian universities should move has become acute. It is clear that in modern conditions, a return to Soviet impossible. At same time, have already managed adapt certain extent education, seeing it advantages caused primarily by pra...

The first complete re-description of mud-dwelling axiid Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) is presented based on the holotype and freshly collected specimens from Vostok Bay, Russia coast of the Sea of Japan. The species is mostly morphologically similar to Leonardsaxius spinulicauda (Rathbun, 1902) known from Pacific coasts of North America from Vancouver ...

russian-iranian relations was in the shadow of the iranian nuclear challenge in the ahmadinejad era. investigating in the bilatral relations of iran and russia indicates that these relationships have been mainly influenced by russian interests and desires and not the common interests of the two countries. by adopting a pragmatic approach based on a strategic opportunism in the framework its mac...

Editor's Note: Although environmental health problems exist throughout the former Soviet Union, the focus of this article is on the problems in Russia and the programs addressing them. It is estimated at least one in five Russian babies born today is in poor health. In Moscow, three out of four expectant mothers have some pathology in their pregnancy. Males in one Arctic village are not expecte...

existence of energy reserves as god-given assets was considered as a unique opportunity for the former republics of soviet :union: , their dependence on the former center (russia) for transferring energy to the consuming markets has confronted them with various challenges. as one of these republics, turkmenistan enjoys excellent geo-economic status since a long time ago due to its huge natural ...