The association between poverty and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa remains contested. A better understanding of the relationship between the prevalence of poverty and the disease is essential for addressing prevention, treatment, and care. The present study interrogates this relationship, using a cross-sectional survey of 2477 households in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Structura...

1-introduction it is a long time that geography of poverty has entered the geographical literature and always geographers remember it as a bitter social reality that its effects and negative results are reflected in all parts of individual and social life. in iran, poverty has been a more economic concept and has been taken into consideration less than other aspects. in the case that we want to...

— Lives and livelihoods in the Rural South are becoming increasingly divorced from farming and, therefore, from the land. Patterns and associations of wealth and poverty have become more diffuse and diverse as non-farm opportunities have expanded and heightened levels of mobility have led to the delocalization of livelihoods. This, in turn, has had ramifications for the production and reproduct...

This paper provides a robust nonparametric methodology for decomposition of change in poverty into growth and redistribution components. The decomposition is symmetric and free of residual terms. It presents an empirical application of the proposed methodology to recent data on consumption in rural and urban areas conducted by Statistical Centre of Iran (SCI) in 2000 and 2004 (the initial and t...

INTRODUCTION The disparity in under-five year-old mortality rates between rural and urban areas in Kenya (also reported in other in sub-Saharan African countries), is a critical national concern. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of geographical location and maternal factors on the likelihood of mortality among under-five children in rural and urban areas in Kenya. ...

Rural development in both the Third World and the United States suffers from many perceived failures and the lack of a theoretically rich conceptual framework by which effective rural development policies can be fashioned. Drawing upon Third World development literature, a perspective for domestic rural development is suggested. Development is defined by interdependence of increasingly speciali...

INTRODUCTION DEFINITIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RURAL NONFARM ECONOMY Size Composition Equity impact DYNAMIC PATHWAYS OF RURAL NONFARM GROWTH Shifting motors of rural economic growth The “pull” scenario in dynamic agricultural regions The “push” scenario in stagnant agricultural zones Urbanization and migration Liberalization and globalization Summing up IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RURAL POOR Motivati...

In Nigeria, most farming activities rely on family labor. However, rural-urban drift and the movement of young people away from agriculture are making labor increasingly pause. Thus, labor has become a major constraint to expanding the scope of production by small-scale resource poor farmers. This paper provides an empirical relationship between labor and poverty using data from households. Thr...

One of the International Development Targets agreed by the UN Social Summit in 1995 is to halve the 1990 incidence of dollar-a-day poverty in developing and transitional countries by 2015. This note estimates progress towards that target. If China, each country in South Asia, and each other region changes incidence in 1998-2015 at the same rate as in 1990-98, then overall dollar poverty inciden...

This paper analyzes how producer cooperatives may bene t households in rural environments. In particular, it explores if cooperatives help poor households to exit poverty through three mechanisms: increases in prices, total factor productivity, and relaxation of credit constraints. In a multi-period model I characterize the conditions that must hold so that the always poor can exit poverty when...