introduction information and communication technology (ict) is now one of the criteria for measuring the economic and industrial development, in a way that it has had significant effects on different aspects of socio-cultural, economic and political life of people and human communities. in this study, the authors have tried to investigate the economic, social and physical effects of ict centers...

rural community and their services, productive activities, because of strong relation with environment, from long bygone were exposed to disastrous natural power. therefore residents of every region by experiment, apply the approaches and measurement to contrast with these events and reduce the damage of them in their community. public attention focused on physical factor and human making envir...

nowadays the growth of deserts is one the most important problems in iran. this phenomenon has many reasons such as growth of population, global changes in the climates and many undesirable consequences such as the erosion of agricultural soils and immigration of rural people to urban regions mainly to the capital of iran, tehran. isfahan province is one of the semi-arid and desert regions in t...

In China’s urban-rural dual development pattern and the process of industrialization urbanization, a large number young middle-aged men in rural areas have moved to cities towns work. Both permanent population agricultural labor force presented characteristics feminization, women become main development. However, are still subordinate position political participation, it is difficult for them p...

Rural women play a significant role in domestic and socio-economic life of the society so that national development is not possible without developing this important and substantial segment of our society. Given the importance of women in agriculture, this study was conducted to examine the role of Iranian women in the farm management decision-making processed concerning animal husbandry. The s...

MethodsUsing time series data of national level (1967 to 2012 years), we explored the association between total fertility rate, GDP per capita, number of physician per 1000 populations, female labor force participation rate, percentage of people living in rural regions and mean years schooling for each people with infant mortality rate of Iran. These data were obtained from Central Bank of Isla...

Abstract Community management has remained the dominant paradigm for managing rural water supplies in sub-Saharan Africa. There is a widespread perception that community participation principles are inherently embedded model. In this paper, we analyze how an international nongovernmental organization engages communities their projects, and ways which members able to participate governance of su...