Two Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites now include urban areas (Baltimore, Maryland and Phoenix, Arizona). A goal of LTER in these cities is to blend physical and social science investigations to better understand urban ecological change. Research monitoring programs are underway to investigate the effects of urbanization on ecosystems. Climate changes in these urban areas reflect the e...

Migration and quality of redistribution of population across country is one of the main factors that planners take into account to control population and guide its movements to economic poles. Scientific recognition of migration phenomenon is important for managing and policy making in the country. These movements change migration pattern, in a way that along with increase in population and the...

A prospective study of various coronary and contributory risk factors in urban and rural diabetic population is presented. For the coronary risk factors, smoking prevalence was high for urban diabetics (27%), also high TC levels (57%), and low levels of HDL cholesterol (17%) were comparatively greater in urban diabetics. Prevalence of hypertension was higher, (40%) in rural diabetics. High LDL ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the disparities in psychiatric service utilisation over a 10-year period for patients with first admission for psychosis in relation to urban-rural residence following the implementation of universal health coverage in Taiwan. DESIGN Population-based retrospective cohort study. SETTING Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, which has a population coverage...

1Health Oriented Preventive Education (HOPE), Karachi, Pakistan. 2World Health Organization, Sindh, Pakistan. 3TB Control Programme, Pakistan. ABSTRACT We investigated gender differences in knowledge of and attitude towards tuberculosis (TB) in urban and rural communities in Sindh province, Pakistan. Knowledge of symptoms was generally deficient, particularly in rural females. Regarding TB prev...

We aimed to report on variation in levels of uptake of enhanced primary care item numbers between rural and urban Divisions of General Practice between November 1999 and October 2001. Most providers of EPC services and most services (close to 70%) are located in capital cities and other metropolitan centres. The average number of health assessments done per provider was slightly lower (8-14) in...

This article provides an overview of the current Chinese health care system with particular emphasis on rural-urban differences. China's post-1978 economic reforms, although they improved general living standards, created some unintended consequences, as evidenced by the disintegration of the rural cooperative medical system and the sharp reduction in the number of "barefoot doctors", both of w...

introductionpopulation data is easily accessible and shows the relationship between city size and other socio-economic factors in the city indirectly, so many geographers using this type of data to gain an understanding of the structure of the cities network and distribution of the people in the different levels of urban hierarchy. in fact, urban hierarchy is the best way of space organization ...

BACKGROUND Despite high cardiovascular mortality in Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union, there is limited information about major risk factors, including blood lipids. We investigated the prevalence of impaired concentrations of blood lipids, the awareness, treatment and control of hypercholesterolemia, and factors associated with these indicators in urban and rural populations i...

The paper aims to examine the population ageing as a new phenomenon effecting rural areas in Iran. Population ageing is going up throughout the country especially in the rural areas by 6.8 percent. fertility decline, increase in the youth migration to cities, and coming back to rural areas after retiring are the major factors which involve in rural ageing. This may jeopardize the communities. f...