Introduction T h e first axiom of ruminology appears to be: ‘The rumen is a strictly anaerobic system’ (Hungate, 1966) but before we accept this we should examine the evidence for and against this assertion. Probably the strongest evidence for anaerobiosis comes from the studies of the reactions in the rumen, from the stoichiometries observed and from the low oxidation-reduction potential obtai...

Intestinal contents were collected from eight impala at three different localities during the winter hunting season (2005-2009), as well as from another 24 animals from a one-year trial at a game farm called Ditholo (2003-2004). Gas production, protozoa counts and several other physiological parameters were measured from both rumen and caecum or colon contents. Only higher ophryoscolecid an...

1. Responses to twice-weekly oral supplementation with 4.0 g methionine were measured with lambs (27 kg) grazing kale (Brassica oleracea) for 10 weeks (Expt 1). In a second experiment with sheep fed on kale at hourly intervals, rumen fractional outflow rates of CrEDTA and ruthenium Tris(1,10 phenanthroline) markers were measured from the rates of decline in their concentrations. Rumen turnover ...

Decreasing methane emissions and, more generally, decreasing the environmental footprint of ruminants is one pressing challenge facing the ruminant production sector. Notwithstanding, because of the intricate relationships existing between the efficiency of feed fermentation in the rumen and methanogenesis, mitigation options have to be evaluated not just in terms of their effect on methane or ...

Reticular content was sampled in cows before and 2 and 5 hours after they were fed various forages. Dry matter, particle size distribution, pH, osmotic pressure and viscosity of the liquid phase were measured. Consistency was also evaluated using purpose-built apparatus. The contents were fractionated by vertical distribution under gravity and by intermittent flow through an orifice into fracti...

rumen is a persistent and specific ecosystem consists of bacteria, protozoa and fungus where feed fermentation takes place in it. produced hydrogen in rumen can be used in the synthesis of the volatile fatty acids and the microbial protein and its excess would be eliminated through the production of methane by methanogenesis. nutritionists have tried to find ways to decrease loss and energy and...

Degradation of plant N in the rumen results in the formation of ammonia-N and NAN. Rumen bacteria utilise these breakdown products to synthesise their cell proteins. This study was carried out to investigate the in vivo degradation of N-labelled duckweed in the rumen and the utilisation of the degradation products by rumen bacteria. We found that duckweed protein was relatively resistant to rum...

this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder on fermentation characteristic and rumen microbes of arabian sheep.at first step the best level of garlic was determined. then animals were fed for 35 days with control diet and supplemented with garlic (2% per kg dm). apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, number of protozoa and blood metabolites (glucose...

BACKGROUND Rumen microbes play a greater role in host energy acquisition than that of gut-associated microbes in monogastric animals. Although genome-enabled advancements are providing access to the vast diversity of uncultivated microbes, our understanding of variables shaping rumen microbial communities is in its infancy. Viruses have been shown to impact microbial populations through a myria...

Rumen nitrogen metabolism values were estimated by the use of a single injection of 15(NH4)2SO4 into the rumen of sheep and consecutive 15N enrichment measurements in the rumen ammonia pool, rumen non-NH3-N (NAN) pool, rumen purine pool and blood urea-N (BUN) pool for a period of 24 h. Synthesis and degradation of N compounds in the rumen and passage of N to and from the rumen were evaluated on...