Increasing awareness of hazards associated with the use of antibiotic and chemical feed additives has accelerated investigations into plants and their extracts as feed additives. The present review mainly discusses two classes of plant secondary compounds in this context, i.e. essential oils and saponins. The broader potential of plants and their extracts is illustrated by the progress of an EC...

Although the composition of the mixture of volatile fatty acids in the rumen of the sheep may be determined, it can throw no light on the composition of the mixture actually formed in the fermentation unless the relative rates of absorption of the acids are known, for it has been established that they are readily absorbed through the rumen wall into the blood stream (Barcroft, McAnally & Philli...

It has long been known that bacterial fermentation of cellulose in the rumen is associated with the production of a mixture of lower fatty acids, methane and carbon dioxide. It was first shown by Pringsheim (1912) and later confirmed by Woodman & Stewart (1928) that the addition of toluene to thermophilic cultures of cellulose-splitting bacteria resulted in the accumulation of glucose, and Wood...

Elsden (1945) has shown that the volatile acids in the rumen fluid of sheep are chiefly acetic, propionic, and butyric. Barcroft, MoAnally, and Phillipson (1944) showed that the concentration of volatile acids in the blood draining the rumen was higher than that in the entering blood, indicating absorption from the rumen. Elsden postulated that propionic acid did not arise directly in cellulose...

this experiment was conducted to determine the effect of procceesing of sugarcane pith with high pressure steam (210-220c◦, at 19 bar, over 3 min, on 70 % moisture) on fermentative activity and gas production parameters and degradation by pure microorganism of rumen. the microbial different groups of rumen were separated by physical and chemical methods and using antibiotics. these microbial gr...

The in vivo digestibility, the rates of fermentation and passage and the rumen fermentation pattern were compared in ̃ Granadina goats and Segurena wethers fed alfalfa hay (AH), alfalfa hay/sugar beet pulp, 4:1 (AH/SB) and alfalfa hay/sugar beet pulp /oat grain, 3:1:1 (AH/SB/OG) at approximately maintenance level. The animals were at stall and no selectivity was practised. The nylon bag techniqu...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of the Sanguisorba officinalis tannin extract (SOTE) on in vitro methane production, rumen microorganisms and basic rumen fermentation parameters. SOTE contained 451 mg g-1 of total tannins was tested at different doses (0, 1, 4, 10, 20, 40 and 100 mg of SOTE per vessel; the input of tannins was 0, 1.3, 5.1, 12.8, 25.6, 5...

Forty-eight bulls (335 +/- 8.6 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned to 4 glycerin levels (0, 4, 8, and 12% of concentrate DM) with the objective of evaluating the effects of glycerin supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, metabolism, and carcass and meat quality in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Concentrates were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric (ass...

The fermentation of carbohydrates in the rumen of sheep is known to lead to the formation of large amounts of the lower fatty acids. The important part that these acids assume in the metabolism of ruminants has been remarked upon (Marston, 1939, 1946). While it is believed that acetic, propionic and butyric acids are the main fatty acid products of the fermentation, there is no certain knowledg...