Numerous routing protocols have recently been developed for ad hoc mobile networks. Routing protocols to date can be categorized as either ‘table-driven’ or ‘on-demand’. Many of the proposed routing protocols take the on-demand approach because this does not require keeping lots of routing information. However, these kinds of protocols are not able to react fast enough to maintain routing. In t...

The performance of different routing protocols has been widely studied. Many routing protocols for Ad-hoc networks have been proposed till now. Amongst the most popular ones are Ad-hoc on demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing Protocols (DSR), and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). We study the performance of routing protocols when particular applicati...

Routing of VANETs is a challenging issue that has attracted many attentions of researchers recently. Contention based routing protocols have good congruity with high mobility of nodes in this kind of networks. Prevention from forwarding duplicate packets is an important challenge in such routing protocols. Indeed, such duplications can reduce scalability and efficiency of contention based routi...

We present comparative analysis of MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Network) and VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network) routing protocols, in this paper. The analysis is based on various design factors. The traditional routing protocols of AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), and DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector) of MANET are utilizing node centric routing which leads...

The security requirements of distance-vector routing protocols are analyzed, their vulnerabilities identi ed, and countermeasures to these vulnerabilities are proposed. The innovation presented involves the use of mechanisms from the pathnding class of distancevector protocols as a solution to the security problems of distance-vector protocols. The result is the rst proposal to e ectively and e...

Wireless sensor network a powerful network contains many wireless sensors with limited power resource, data processing, and transmission abilities. Wireless sensor capabilities including computational capacity, radio power, and memory capabilities are much limited. Moreover, to design a hierarchy topology, in addition to energy optimization, find an optimum clusters number and best location of ...

In the field of computer networking, a routing protocol specifies how routers communicate to select the most effective route for information or data transfer between computer nodes. This paper discusses the routing process and looks at a generic classification of routing protocols. It also summarizes the features of some of the most significant protocols like RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, IGRP, EIGRP and B...

Mobile ad Hoc networks (MANETs) can make dynamic changes in topology. The most realistic characteristic which differentiates MANETs from other networks is that it is capable of changing its location. The result of the surveys over the last 5 years, show that it can overcome the two difficulties such as congestion and communication between nodes. Different routing algorithms are used while maxim...

Wireless sensor networks are inherently plagued by problems of node failure, interference to communications from environmental noise and energy-limited sensor motes. These problems pose conflicting issues in the design of suitable routing protocols. Several existing reliable routing protocols exploit message broadcast redundancy and hop count as routing metrics and their performance trade-offs ...

Routing is one of the key functions of the Internet, and routing protocols form an inseparable part of the Internet infrastructure. Without accurate routing information, packet forwarding can be drastically affected and potentially even cause a network-wide blackout. The routing protocols in use today were designed during the more benign days of the Internet and operate on implicit trust betwee...