Generalizing results of Otto & Ruškuc, this paper shows that every finitely generated submonoid of a monoid presented by a confluent finite special rewriting system admits an automatic structure that is simultaneously rr-, `r-, r`-, and ``-automatic; and that every finitely generated submonoid of a monoid presented by a confluent regular monadic rewriting system admits an automatic structure th...

Erasure resilient FEC codes in off-line packetized streaming rely on time diversity. This requires unrestricted buffering time at the receiver. In real-time streaming the playback buffering time must be very short. Path diversity is an orthogonal strategy. However, the large number of long paths increases the number of underlying links and consecutively the overall link failure rate. This may i...

Real options reasoning (ROR) is a conceptual approach to strategic investment that takes into account the value of preserving the right to make future choices under uncertain conditions. In this study, we explore firms’ motivations to invest in a new option. We find, based on an analysis of a large sample of patents by firms active in the pharmaceutical industry, that their investments in R&D a...

The mi Ror project investigates the implications of multimedia information retrieval on database design. We assume a modern extensible database system with extensions for feature based search techniques. The multimedia query processor has to bridge the gap between the user’s high level information need and the search techniques available in the database. We therefore propose an iterative query ...

All signaling pathways have their complexities , but Wnt signaling may be more complex than most. There are 19 different Wnt ligands in mammals that bind to multiple types of receptors, some of which activate a canonical pathway that stabilizes the tran-scriptional coactivator ␤-catenin, and some of which signal via noncanonical, ␤-catenin– independent pathways. Roarty et al. begin to unpick th...

Ring-On-Ring (ROR) tests have been widely applied to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength of brittle materials. Properly designed geometry specimens and loading configurations are essential for accurate test results. In this paper, stress distribution round glass plates subjected between concentric rings was investigated via finite element analysis. particular, effects ratio ring diameter, ov...

Abslracl A Tulle slyle necessary and surricienl condilion lor n-ex'lendable graphs is proposed. Lel G be a conn-ecled graph and lel u and v be lwo verlices or G such lhal dGCu,v) == 2. We derine divergenceex*Cu.v) as an independenl sel conlaining u and v in G[{w) U NGCw)]) * aI'ld ex Cu, v) = max { I Cw) w U,v proved lhal ir ror any lwo verlices u and v or G such 1 and ir G has even order, lhen...

The real-world challenge of verification is to meet a design’s testing requirements as quickly as possible without inhibiting the completeness of the verification effort. This paper introduces a new method, called the reduction of redundancy (ROR), which enables this goal. The stochastic nature of today's leading functional verification technique, directed random verification, can lead to waste...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer through a spontaneous adverse event reporting system for medications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Case/noncase bladder cancer reports associated with antidiabetic drug use were retrieved from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) between 2004 and 2009 and analyzed by th...

During nervous system development, axon branching at nerve terminals is an essential step in the formation of functional connections between neurons and target cells. It is known that target tissues exert control of terminal arborization through secretion of trophic factors. However, whether the in-growing axons themselves produce diffusible cues to instruct target innervation remains unclear. ...