Intercellular transport of auxin is mediated by influx and efflux carriers in the plasma membrane and subjected to developmental and environmental regulation. Here, using the auxin-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana root hair cell system and the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cell system, we demonstrate that the protein kinase PINOID (PID) positively regulates auxin efflux. Overexpression o...

Calcium is an essential plant nutrient. It is acquired from the soil solution by the root system and translocated to the shoot via the xylem. The root must balance the delivery of calcium to the xylem with the need for individual root cells to use [Ca2+]cyt for intracellular signalling. Here the evidence for the current hypothesis, that Ca2+ travels apoplastically across the root to the Caspari...

A new split-root system was established through grafting to study cotton response to non-uniform salinity. Each root half was treated with either uniform (100/100 mM) or non-uniform NaCl concentrations (0/200 and 50/150 mM). In contrast to uniform control, non-uniform salinity treatment improved plant growth and water use, with more water absorbed from the non- and low salinity side. Non-unifor...

Transpiration, a process by which plants extract water from soil and transmit it to the atmosphere, is a vital (yet least quantified) component of the hydrological cycle. We propose a root-scale model of water uptake, which is based on first principles, i.e. employs the generally accepted Richards equation to describe water flow in partially saturated porous media (both in a root and the ambien...

the uniaxial compressive strength (ucs) of intact rocks is an important geotechnical parameter required for designing geotechnical and mining engineering projects. obtaining accurate estimates of the rock mass ucs parameter throughout a 3d geological model of the deposit is vital for determining optimum rock slope stability, designing new exploratory and blast boreholes, mine planning, optimizi...

to study the effect of salinity and organic matter on chemical composition and root morphology of pistachio cv. badami, budded on seedling root stocks, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. treatments consisted of four salinity (zero, 800, 1600 and 2400 mg nacl kg-1 soil) and three organic matter (zero, two and four...

Case Reports A 46-year-old woman with uncontrolled hypertension, thoracic aortic aneurysm, and anginal episodes at rest was referred for coronary angiography. The procedure was uneventful until the aortic root angiogram, during which 40 mL of contrast agent was intended to be injected with 14 mL/s flow and a maximum pressure of 1200 psi. On injection of contrast media into aortic root, a massiv...

D-decomposition technique is targeted to describe the stability domain in parameter space for linear systems, depending on parameters. The technique is very simple and effective for the case of one or two parameters. However the geometry of the arising parameter space decomposition into root invariant regions has not been studied in detail; it is the purpose of the present paper. We prove that ...

Radiocesium accumulated in the soil by nuclear accidents is a major environmental concern. The transport process of cesium (Cs+) tightly linked to indispensable plant nutrient potassium (K+) as they both belong group I alkali metals with similar chemical properties. Most transporters that had been characterized date Cs+ are directly or indirectly K+. Using combinatorial approach physiology, gen...

Single-index models are important in multivariate nonparametric regression. In a previous paper, we proposed a penalized spline approach to a partially linear single-index model where the mean function has the form η0(α0 T x) +β0 T z. This approach is computationally stable and efficient in practice. Furthermore, it yields a root-n consistent estimate of the single-index parameter α and the par...