Root system architecture plays an important role in determining nutrient and water acquisition and is modulated by endogenous and environmental factors, resulting in considerable developmental plasticity. The orientation of primary root growth in response to gravity (gravitropism) has been studied extensively, but little is known about the behaviour of lateral roots in response to this signal. ...

Introduction: Root canal instrumentation is an important phase in root canal therapy. Since success in endodontic treatment depends on file defect and fracture, the aim of this study was to compare the evaluation of defect and fracture in rotary and reciproc files in severe curved root canals. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 60 mesial canals of human closed apex molars with ...

The present study aimed to characterize the effect of a nearby distractor on vertical, horizontal, and oblique saccade curvature under normal saccade preparation times. Consistent with previous findings, longer-latency vertical saccades showed greater curvature away from a distractor than did oblique or horizontal saccades. At short latencies, vertical saccades also showed greater curvature tow...

AIM To measure the root canal area and the reduction of the mesial and buccal/lingual wall thickness at the level of the coronal interference in mesial roots of mandibular molars after instrumentation with a crown-down or a simultaneous root canal preparation technique. METHODOLOGY Twenty mesial roots of first mandibular molars with a moderate root canal curvature were embedded in resin and s...

Gravitropism refers to the growth or movement of plants that is influenced by gravity. Roots exhibit positive gravitropism, and the root cap is thought to be the gravity-sensing site. In some plants, the root cap requires light irradiation for positive gravitropic responses. However, the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon are unknown. We herein report that maize roots exposed to white light ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris after root canal preparation using rotary and reciprocating systems in severely curved root canals. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty six extracted human mandibular first molars with 25-35° curvature in their mesiobuccal (MB) canal (according to Schneider's method) were cleaned and shaped with ProTape...

Abstract In this article we show that for every finite area hyperbolic surface X of type {(g,n)} and any harmonic Beltrami differential ? on , then the magnitude at point small injectivity radius is uniform bounded from above by ratio Weil–Petersson norm over square root systole up to a positive constant multiplication. We apply bound Ricci curvature, restricted short in moduli space, uniformly...

Involving the Ricci curvature and the squared mean curvature, we obtain basic inequalities for different kind of submaniforlds of a Sasakian space form tangent to the structure vector field of the ambient manifold. Contrary to already known results, we find a different necessary and sufficient condition for the equality for Ricci curvature of C-totally real submanifolds of a Sasakian space form...