It is demonstrated that solvent-saturated graphite oxide can be considered to be solid solvate, and two phases with distinctly different solvent composition are found near room temperature. Phase transitions between these two solvated phases were observed using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and DSC for methanol, ethanol, acetone, and dimethylformamide (DMF) solvents. Solvate A, formed at...

The contact angle of a liquid droplet on a solid surface is a direct measure of fundamental atomic-scale forces acting between liquid molecules and the solid surface. In this work, the validity is assessed of a simple equation, which approximately relates the contact angle of a liquid on a surface to its density, its surface tension, and the effective molecule-surface potential. This equation i...

a basic alumina-spinel low cement castable (lcc) composed of sintered bauxite, reactive alumina, calcined alumina, calcined magnesia, microsilica, and high alumina refractory cement was prepared (castable a) to which 5% sodium hexa-meta phosphate was later added (castable b) to prepare samples for heat treatment at 110ºc, 900ºc, and 1400ºc. bulk density (bd), apparent porosity (ap), and cold cr...

the direct sulfation of three high purity iranian limestones and one precipitated calcium carbonate from different sources, containing more than 97 % caco3, were studied in a specially designed fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure, in the presence of excess co2 to prevent decomposition of caco3. experiments were carried out over a range of particle sizes from 1.6-2.5  mm at four tempera...

the nanopowders of sno2, casno3 and ca2sno4 in the size rang of 5-70 nm have been prepared using solid-state reaction technique. the technique is convenient and inexpensive in comparison to the conventional routes of compound prepared and processing where, many steps of mixing and annealing are involved. formation of resultant compounds was explained on the basis of reaction taken place between...

a two-dimensional cfd model of a planar solid oxide fuel cell (sofc) has been developed.this model can predict the performance of sofc at various operating and design conditions.the effect of knudsen diffusion is accounted in the porous electrode (backing) and reaction zonelayers. the mathematical model solves conservation of electrons and ions and conservation ofspecies. the model is formulate...

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay is described for measuring hepatitis B surface antigen in human serum or plasma. Immunologically purified antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase was used as the indicator. In the assay system, antibody-coated controlled-pore glass is used as a solid support and there are three sequential incubations, totaling 2 h, at room temperature. Results for serially...

caco3 nanoparticles have been synthesized via heat-treatment of a new precursor and solid state reaction. effect of calcinations temperature and quantity of surfactant on particle size has been investigated. the products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fourier transform infrared (ft–ir) spectroscopy.

Heterogeneous catalysts are promising for the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel and have been studied intensively over the last decade. Unlike the homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts can be easily separated from reaction mixture and reused for many times. They are environmentally benign and could be easily operated in continuous processes. This revie...

During the last 5 years, lithium thiophosphate solid electrolyte materials have been developed[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] for use in all-solid-state rechargeable batteries. In particular, crystalline Li7P3S11 has been characterized as a superionic conducting material[2, 3, 4, 5] possessing room temperature conductivities as high as 10−3 S/cm, which is 1000 times greater than that of the commercial solid el...