Coarsening of sand ripples is studied in a one-dimensional stochastic model, where neighboring ripples exchange mass with algebraic rates, Gamma(m) approximately m(gamma), and ripples of zero mass are removed from the system. For gamma<0, ripples vanish through rare fluctuations and the average ripple mass grows as (t) approximately -gamma(-1)ln(t). Temporal correlations decay as t(-1/2) or ...

Fast oscillations or "ripples" are found in the local field potential (LFP) of the rodent hippocampus during awake and sleep states. Ripples have been found to correlate with memory related neural processing, however, the functional role of the ripple has yet to be fully established. We applied a Kalman smoother based estimator of instantaneous frequency (iFreq) and frequency modulation (FM) to...

Cellular automata have been successfully used to model the sand dynamics of aeolian dunes and ripples. The cellular automata Monte-Carlo model proposed in this paper expands the capabilities of cellular automata models to under water ripple formation introducing not a two dimensional matrix but two three dimensional volumes, being a sand volume and a water volume. The proposed model has the cap...

Sand ripples formed by waves have a uniformwavelength while at equilibrium and develop defects while adjusting to changes in the flow. These patterns arise from the interaction of the flow with the bed topography, but the specific mechanisms have not been fully explained. We use numerical flow models and laboratory wave tank experiments to explore the origins of these patterns. The wavelength o...

This paper introduces a cascaded H -bridge multilevel converter (CHB-MC) based StatCom system that is able to operate with extremely low dc capacitance values. The theoretical limit is calculated for the maximum capacitor voltage ripple, and hence minimum dc capacitance values that can be used in the converter. The proposed lowcapacitance StatCom (LC-StatCom) is able to operate with large capac...

This paper describes a four-leg interleaved DC-DC boost converter built on the basis of Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors—MOSFETs and Schottky diodes) and improved, low-capacitive magnetic components. A combination of wide-bandgap semiconductors capable of operating at elevated switching frequencies and an interleaving technique brings substantial...