The Indonesian government limited or shut down internet access during separate riots in Jakarta and Papua 2019. justification for blocking the disabling certain features of social media platforms was to quell unrest by ceasing spread fake news. Nevertheless, did not declare a state emergency response either situation, triggering debate on whether restrictions had any strong constitutional basis...

Though the 2011 ‘riots’ attracted a huge amount of political, media and academic attention, state’s punitive reaction to unrest received far less analysis, despite being characterised by exceptionally harsh practices at every stage from arrest sentencing. Drawing on interviews with criminal justice professionals who were heart this response, focusing in particular Crown Prosecution Service’s un...