Abstract Background Lead particles from hunting rifle ammunition become embedded in the tissue of shot animals and pose a health risk to predators scavengers that eat discarded offal or parts non-retrieved carcasses game animals, as well humans who consume game. Copper copper–zinc alloys are most widely used alternatives leaded ammunition. In Denmark, there has been growing awareness toxic envi...

This study controlled for relaxation and guided imagery confounds noted in much previous research on enhancement of human performance using the restricted environmental stimulation technique (REST). Dry flotation REST was used where subjects lay ("floated") on a salt-water-filled bladder in a sound-attenuated, light-free chamber. 9 men and 3 women in a rifle marksmanship training course, expose...

In recent years, the diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been based on classifications such as RIFLE, AKIN and KDIGO, which has the goal of world standardization and timely recognition of the disease. It is essential that intensivists be aware about these classifications, because most of the time, they will have the first opportunity to diagnose AKI. However, it is still very common that...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome defined as a sudden onset of reduced kidney function manifested by increased serum creatinine or a reduction in urine output. This clinical syndrome has been called by 25 different names and at least 35 definitions. As a result of this deficiency of standardized definition, reported incidences of AKI in the ICU range from 1 to 25% with mor...