Background Horseback riding is a popular hobby in Iceland as it is in the other Nordic countries but has a relatively high frequency of injuries. The estimated mortality related to horseback rinding injuries is 1/10.000 riders per year. We set out to evaluate the mortality and morbidity of horsebak riding injuries presenting to the emergency department in Landspitali university hospital, Reykja...

Riding waves on a bodyboard (boogie board) at the beach is popular with children. Three teenagers who sustained blunt abdominal trauma during bodyboarding are described. Two suffered lacerated livers, one a lacerated spleen. Serious blunt abdominal injuries from bodyboarding mishaps have not previously been reported. The usual method of riding a bodyboard may place the rider at risk of abdomina...

Owing to noticeable differences of the characters between the electrical and the conventional gasoline-powered motorcycles, such as heavier in weight, lower in mass center position and slower in forward speed, the control and design considerations of the electrical motorcycles are not the same as conventional motorcycles. In this paper, the rider upper body lean control system is considered as ...

INTRODUCTION For many years, reports in the literature have implicated bicycle riding as causing increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). Perineal compression during cycling has been associated with the development of sexual complications. AIM To review current literature on the rationale for ED from bicycle riding and outcome of bicycle riding on erectile function and to present availabl...

OBJECTIVE Equine-assisted therapies, such as therapeutic riding and hippotherapy, are believed to have positive physical and emotional effects in individuals with neuromotor, developmental, and physical disabilities. The purpose of this review was to determine whether therapeutic riding and hippotherapy improve balance, motor function, gait, muscle symmetry, pelvic movement, psychosocial parame...

Postures have long been used and proved useful to describe animals' behaviours and emotional states, but remains difficult to assess objectively in field conditions. A recent study performed on horses using geometric morphometrics revealed important postural differences between 2 horse populations differing in management conditions (leisure horses living in social groups used for occasional "re...

This paper studies negative externalities’e¤ect on bidding strategy and auction outcome. We use a model of one special bidder and two regular bidders, where if the special bidder wins, both regular bidders incur a loss; otherwise, the two losing bidders receive zero payo¤s. Applying the model to an ascending clock auction, regular bidders are shown to bid less aggressively and drop out before r...