where Sd−1 = { u ∈ Rd : |u| = 1 } denotes the unit sphere and σ its surface measure. In particular is σ(S1) = 2π and σ(S2) = 4π. The variable t ≥ 0 is called measurement time and the variable ξ ∈ Rd detector position or center point. In all practical applications these center points are located on a curve or surface and we consider the classical case ξ ∈ Sd−1 here. Moreover, we restrict ourselv...

Recently, a novel MIMO transmitter architecture has been introduced that requires only a single radio-frequency (RF) chain and is built on parasitic antenna arrays. MIMO transmission in this case is achieved by shaping directly the radiation pattern with the aid of analog tunable loads attached to the parasitics. As it has been shown, such a single RF MIMO system can support all PSK modulation ...

A high performance thin layer chromatography system (HPTLC) for the separation of vitamin B2 and B12 has been developed. The separation was successfully using a solvent system of methanol, water, ammonia 7.3.1 (V/V) as mobile phase on HPTLC plates impregnated with boric acid. The effect of other mobile phases on the separation of vitamins was also examined. The method is based on different beha...

A design and optimization of 3-5 GHz single ended Radio Frequency (RF) Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for ultra-wide-band (UWB) applications using standard UMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology is reported. Designing of RF circuit components is a challenging job, since even after performing lengthy calculations and finding parameter values it is less guarantee that the design performs as expected. In view of ...

where S (f) and W(f) are the Fourier transforms of the [lo] R.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic, erosive polyarthritis and by the presence of various autoantibodies in serum and synovial fluid. Since rheumatoid factor (RF) was first described, a number of other autoantibodies have been discovered in RA patients. The autoantigens recognized by these autoantibodies include cartilage components,...

PURPOSE To determine in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or early glaucoma (EOAG) the change in blood flow measured at the neuroretinal rim of the optic disc in response to a 15-Hz diffuse green luminance flicker, a stimulus that activates predominantly the ganglion cell magnocellular pathway. METHODS Thirteen patients with EOAG, 29 with OHT, and 16 age-matched control subjects, all wi...

PURPOSE We evaluated radiofrequency (RF) heating of a humerus implant embedded in a gel phantom during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the specific absorption rate (SAR), angle between the implant and static magnetic field (B(0)), and position of the implant in the irradiation coil. METHODS We embedded a stainless steel humerus implant 2 cm deep in tissue-equivalent loop and mass phantoms...