A series of vanadium-substituted Dawson-structure POM-type ionic liquids, [TEAPS]7P2W17VO62 and [TEAPS]9P2W15V3O62, bearing sulfo-group grafted ammonium (TEAPS) cations and Dawson-type polyoxoanions have been formed which are reversible-thermal-response type gels. These gel-type compounds exhibit a phase transition from a quasi-solid gel phase to an isotropic sol phase. What's more, this series...

The electrochemical behavior of dysprosium ions, as well and nickel ion co-reduction, on inert tungsten electrodes active were studied in the eutectic KCl-NaCl-CsCl melt at a temperature 823 K using methods cyclic square-wave voltammetry open circuit chronopotentiometry. process Dy3+ ions electroreduction was found to be reversible proceed within single three-electron stage up polarization rate...

The electroreduction of benzophenone in liquid ammonia was studied by cyclic voltammetry. In anhydrous solutions, the reduction occurs in two reversible one-electron steps producing the anion radical and the dianion. In the presence of alcohol, the first reduction is unaffected and the second reduction wave becomes irreversible and is shifted toward positive potentials, following qualitatively ...

The "spontaneous deterioration" of streptolysin has been studied by the methods already used in investigations of the oxidation-reduction of blood pigments and of the lysins of other bacteria. From the results of this study, it may be concluded that the commonly observed "spontaneous deterioration" of streptolysin consists in the conversion of the originally active lysin to a hemolytically inac...

This paper discusses various applications of permutation group theory in the synthesis of reversible logic circuits, consisting of Toffoli gates with negative control lines. First asymptotically optimal synthesis algorithm is described. An algorithm for the gate complexity reduction, based on equivalent replacements of gates compositions, is introduced. New approach for combining group theory b...

Multipliers play a vital role in digital systems especially in digital processors. There are many algorithms and designs were proposed in the earlier works, but still there is a need and a greater interest in designing a less complex, low power consuming, fastest multipliers. Reversible logic design became the promising technologies gaining greater interest due to less dissipation of heat and l...

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite of folic acid indicated in the treatment of a variety of cancers. The electrochemical behaviour of MTX on a glassy carbon electrode was investigated. The MTX oxidation is a complex, pH-dependent, diffusion-controlled irreversible process and proceeds with the transfer of two electrons and two protons and the formation of one electroactive product, 7-hydro...

Copper active sites play a major role in biological and abiological dioxygen activation. Oxygen intermediates have been studied in detail for the proteins and enzymes involved in reversible O(2) binding (hemocyanin), activation (tyrosinase), and four-electron reduction to water (multicopper oxidases). These oxygen intermediates exhibit unique spectroscopic features indicative of new geometric a...

Projection methods are a standard approach for the numerical solution of differential equations on manifolds. It is known that geometric properties (such as symplecticity or reversibility) are usually destroyed by such a discretization, even when the basic method is symplectic or symmetric. In this article, we introduce a new kind of projection methods, which allows us to recover the time-rever...

Partitioning automata (PA) are de ned. They are equivalent to cellular automata (CA). Reversible sub-classes are also equivalent. A simple, reversible and universal partitioning automaton is described. Finally, it is shown that there are reversible PA and CA that are able to simulate any reversible PA or CA on any con guration.