Cavitation, known as the formation of vapor bubbles when liquids are under tension, is of great interest both in condensed matter science as well as in diverse applications such as botany, hydraulic engineering, and medicine. Although widely studied in bulk and microscale-confined liquids, cavitation in the nanoscale is generally believed to be energetically unfavorable and has never been exper...

A detailed numerical model is developed that describes heat and mass transfer from a meniscus to open air. The model accounts for the effects of evaporation at the interface, vapor transport through air, thermocapillary convection, and natural convection in air. Evaporation at the interface is modeled using kinetic theory, while vapor transport in air is computed by solving the complete species...

Introduction: Oral delivery is the most favorable route for insulin administration. The aim of this study was to generate new chitosan coated insulin nanoliposomes and then to assess the physiological efficacy of these nanoliposomes after oral administration in diabetic rabbits. Methods: Nanoliposomes with negative surface charge encapsulating insulin were prepared by reverse phase evaporation ...

We include the effect of evaporation in our evolutionary calculations of close-in giant planets, based on a recent model for thermal evaporation taking into account the XUV flux of the parent star (Lammer et al. 2003). Our analysis leads to the existence of a critical mass for a given orbital distance mcrit(a) below which the evaporation timescale becomes shorter than the thermal timescale of t...

Condensation and evaporation modify the properties and effects of atmospheric aerosol particles. We studied the evaporation of aqueous succinic acid and succinic acid/ammonium sulfate droplets to obtain insights on the effect of ammonium sulfate on the gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric organic acids. Droplet evaporation in a laminar flow tube was measured in a Tandem Differential Mobilit...

Capillary evaporation (cavitation) has been suggested to be a possible source of long range interactions between mesoscopic hydrophobic surfaces. While evaporation is predicted by thermodynamics, little is known about its kinetics. Glauber dynamics Monte Carlo simulations of a lattice gas close to liquid-gas coexistence and confined between partially drying surfaces are used to model the effect...

Liposomal nanovesicles (LN) were produced utilizing the supercritical carbon dioxide expansion-depressurization of phospholipid suspension (SEDPS) process via two depressurization protocols. The effects of pressure (60–300 bar), depressurization rate (10– 120 bar/min) and depressurization protocol on the vesicle size, polydispersity index (PdI), morphology and storage stability of LN were inves...

Purpose: To develop a niosomal formulation for the delivery of isoniazid to achieve effective treatment of tuberculosis. Methods: Niosomes were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method and given a charge with a charge-inducing agent, dicetyl phosphate. Drug entrapment efficiency in the niosomes was determined spectrophotometrically. The niosomes were further characterized for their particle...