Phase retardation imaging including local birefringence imaging of biological tissues is described by generalized Jones-matrix optical coherence tomography. The polarization properties of a local tissue can be obtained from two Jones matrices that are measured by backscattered lights from the front and back boundaries of the local tissue. The error in the phase retardation measurement due to ba...

Mental retardation is a group of cognitive disorders with a significant worldwide prevalence rate. This high rate, together with the considerable familial and societal burden resulting from these disorders, makes it an important focus for prevention and intervention. While the diseases associated with mental retardation are diverse, a significant number are linked with disruptions in epigenetic...

Genetic disorders of growth are numerous and include defects of the central nervous system, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, skeleton and other glands, tissues or organs. These disorders are caused by genetic variations that interrupt different points of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and other synthetic pathways that are required for growth. The resulting growth disorders can be classified b...

The change of name of this latest edition of 'Mental Deficiency' is welcome, though it hides a confusing inconsistency of terminology throughout the book. Inevitably it is patchy. Best are clinical descriptions of specific pathologies, and contributions on mental development , and, in its own terms, on counselling the family. Useful too are chapters on aetiology, brain development, examination ...

one of the most difficult and the most common behavioral problems in people with mental retardation, from mild to severe, that adversely affect interpersonal behavior and unpleasant effect on people's moods and mental self. social skills is a process that individuals understand and predict the behavior of others and also control their behavior and regulate social interactions.quasi-experimental...

objective epilepsy is reported in 15-90% of the children with cerebral palsy (cp) but its clinical course is not well defined. we conducted a retrospective study on children with hemiparetic cp who were referred to pediatric neurology department of mofid hospital. the aim of our study was to evaluate the risk factors and prognosis of epilepsy in children with hemiparetic cp. materials & methods...

We examined the social skills of adults with autism, PDDNOS, and mental retardation. All participants were diagnosed with profound mental retardation. Participants in the autism and PDDNOS groups had been previously diagnosed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and record review. These diagnoses were confirmed by readministering the CARS by one author and an independent rater. Social...

Phase retardation of in vivo human retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is quantitatively measured by two methods--polarization-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (PS-SD-OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (SLP). An en face cumulative phase retardation map is calculated from the three-dimensional (3-D) phase retardation volume of healthy and glaucomatous eyes measured by PS-SD-O...