continuing agricultural expansion and urban development in saudi arabia, (located in an arid climate), together with an increased demands for more water supplies, calls for more efficient irrigation practices, and an increase in crop water productivity (cwp). throughout the present study, a deficit irrigation system was investigated for its impact on soil salinity, crop response factor (ky), cw...

The term “phubbing” is a portmanteau of “phone” and “snubbing”, representing interruptions in face-to-face interactions due to smartphones acting as distractor. Phubbing has previously been associated with several negative relational personal outcomes (i.e., reduced relationship satisfaction, low mood, increased interpersonal conflict). present study explored the consequences partner phubbing o...

This paper centers on the phenomenon widely known as period shaming, and aims at vocalizing significance of menstrual products destigmatization menstruation for sake women’s rights. The author presents a program called mutual aid in related opinions.

Abstract This paper establishes relationships between static Nash equilibria and dynamic Markov perfect equilibria of tariff and quota retaliation games. In supermodular games where tariffs are strategic complements, the steady state of every, symmetric Markov perfect equilibrium must have lower tariffs than in the static equilibrium. If tariffs are strategic substitutes, tariffs in the dynamic...

world, all available information is used, price wars never happen, and the collusive constraint is always binding. This cannot be taken as a serious description of the world of gasoline retailing. It is plausible, however, that station operators, for example, recognize that reducing their own prices induces price cutting at rival stations. They also might reasonably expect that once price cutti...

In an unpredictable, heterogeneous world, intelligent agents depend on accurate social information; reputation, among the preeminent artifacts to transmit social evaluations, has been receiving growing attention by social scientists. A realistic description of reputation must include inaccurate information; in this paper, based on the distinction between image (agents’ believed evaluation of a ...