Bitumen, an unconventional crude oil, has received much attention with the increasing consumption and shrinking storage of conventional oils. Bitumen is highly viscous and, thus, commonly diluted for transportation purposes. Spills bitumen could occur during from reservoirs to refineries via pipeline, rail, marine vessels. Although some laboratory numerical modeling studies have been contribute...

This rapid scoping review of existing evidence and research gaps addressed the following question: what exists are at global, regional, national levels on interventions to protect jobs, small- medium-sized enterprises, formal/informal sector workers in socioeconomic response coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? The results based 79 publications deemed eligible for inclusion after scree...