Cyanobacteria are an important source of natural products. In this article, we briefly review the responses of cyanobacteria to different stresses. Abiotic stresses (temperature, salt, heavy metals, metalloid and ultraviolet (UV) influence cell growth and metabolism in cyanobacteria. Salt stress is a major abiotic factor that decrease...

esterification of chitosan with adipic acid catalyzed by immobilized candida antarctica lipase b was carried out in this study. response surface methodology (rsm) based on a four-factor- five-level small central composite design (sccd) was employed to model and analyze the reaction. a total of 21 experiments representing different combinations of the four reaction parameters including ch...

this study investigated if different response formats (test methods) measure reading comprehension of expository text differently. the study was conducted with 48 semester 6 tesl students at a university in selangor, malaysia. these students received an expository passage having descriptive rhetorical structure followed by three response formats, namely, incomplete outline, graphic organizer, a...

introduction: noonan syndrome (ns) is a heterogeneous genetic disease that affects many parts of the body. it was named after dr. jacqueline anne noonan, a paediatric cardiologist.case report: we report audiological tests and auditory brainstem response (abr) findings in a 5-year old malay boy with ns. despite showing the marked signs of ns, the child could only produce a few meaningful words. ...

introduction:it is well-recognized that collimator-detector response (cdr) is the main image blurring factor in spect.  in this research, we compensated the images for cdr in molecular spect by using stir reconstruction framework. methods: to assess resolution recovery capability of the stir, a phantom containing five point sources along with a micro derenzo phantom were investigated. influence...

in this paper, a structural damage identification method (sdim) is developed for plate-like structures. this method is derived using dynamic equation of undamaged/damaged plate, in which local change in flexural rigidity is characterized utilizing a damage distribution function. the sdim requires to modal data in the intact state and frequency response of damage state where most of vibration ba...

vanadium phosphorus oxides (vpo) has been applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in gas phase oxidation reactions and its application is very limited in liquid phase. in this study a series of cobalt-doped vanadium phosphorus oxides (vpo-co) catalysts with different loading of co (0.01-1.0 mol ratio of co/v) were prepared. oxidation of benzyl alcohol was studied in the liquid phase over vpo and vp...

many of nonlinear systems in the field of engineering such as nano-resonator and atomic force microscope can be modeled based on duffing equation. analytical frequency response of this system helps us analyze different interesting nonlinear behaviors appearing in its response due to its rich dynamics. in this paper, the general form of duffing equation with cubic nonlinearity as well as paramet...