Insect respiratory physiology has been studied for many years, and interest in this area of insect biology has become revitalized recently for a number of reasons. Technical advances have greatly improved the precision, accuracy and ease with which gas exchange can be measured in insects. This has made it possible to go beyond classic models such as lepidopteran pupae and examine a far greater ...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and noradrenaline are commonly co-expressed in sympathetic neurons. Both are key regulators of energy homeostasis and critical for stress-coping. However, little is known about the specific function of NPY in the catecholaminergic system in these regulations. Here we show that mice with NPY expression only in the noradrenergic and adrenergic cells of the catecholaminergic s...

The reasons why many insects breathe discontinuously at rest are poorly understood and hotly debated. Three adaptive hypotheses attempt to explain the significance of these discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGCs), whether it be to save water, to facilitate gas exchange in underground environments or to limit oxidative damage. Comparative studies favour the water saving hypothesis and mechanist...

Aim. To compare respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in patients with acute distress syndrome (ARDS) without COVID-19. Material methods. We examined 96 patients, who were divided into two groups. The main group included 48 COVID-19-associated ARDS. control ARDS not associated Most characteristic selected for the following baseline parameters: age, sex, SAPS II score, disease severity, plateau...

OBJECTIVE To determine the parameters of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) in a Pakistani systolic heart failure cohort and its safety in a clinical setting. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from June 2011 to January 2013. METHODOLOGY Maximum oxygen uptake test was performed in ...

Endurance training and ingestion of green tea extract (GTE), composed mainly of tea catechins (TC), are well known to enhance fat metabolism. However, their synergistic effects remain to be fully elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that endurance training supplemented with GTE would further accelerate whole-body fat utilization during exercise, compared with training alone, in humans. Twelve h...

Abstract Background Respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with high mortality and may overwhelm health care systems, the surge of patients requiring advanced respiratory support. Shortage intensive unit (ICU) beds required many be treated outside ICU despite severe gas exchange impairment. Helmet an effective interface provide continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) non...

To investigate the hypothesis that respiratory gas exchange and, in particular, the O(2) consumption (VO(2)) response to exercise is altered after a 21-day expedition to 6,194 m, five male climbers (age 28.2 +/- 2 yr; weight 76.9 +/- 4.3 kg; means +/- SE) performed a progressive and prolonged two-step cycle test both before and 3-4 days after return to sea level. During both exercise tests, a d...

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a complex disorder of heterogeneous etiologies characterized by a consistent, recognizable pattern of lung injury and a potentially devastating form of acute inflammatory lung injury with a high short-term mortality rate and significant long-term consequences among survivors. recently, the new definition of ards has been published, and this definiti...

Background Respiratory critical care guidelines suggest heating the air/oxygen mixture but do not recommend a specific temperature target. We aimed to clarify if inspired gas influences lung mechanics and exchange in intubated patients treated with whole body hypothermia (WBH) or normothermia (NT). Methods Prospective cohort study enrolling neonates ventilated for perinatal asphyxia resuscitati...