Optimization of root system architecture (RSA) traits is an important objective for modern wheat breeding. Linkage and association mapping for RSA in two recombinant inbred line populations and one association mapping panel of 183 elite durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) accessions evaluated as seedlings grown on filter paper/polycarbonate screening plates revealed 20 clusters ...

Molecular markers derived from resistance gene analogs of HcrVf2, the first apple resistance gene cloned, may pave the way to the cloning of additional apple scab resistance genes. The Malus xdomestica 'Florina' (Vf) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) genomic library was screened by hybridization using HcrVf2 as a probe. Positive BAC clones were assembled into contigs and microsatellite mark...

An Aotus-Plasmodium falciparum model was used to determine if chloroquine resistance could be reversed in vivo. The putative resistance modulators tested all reverse chloroquine resistance in vitro and included verapamil, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, cyproheptadine, ketotifen, a tiapamil analog (Ro 11-2933), and a chlorpromazine analog (SKF 2133-A). Combinations of chloroquine plus chlorpr...

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sigma1278b contains the MPR1 gene encoding N-acetyltransferase, which detoxifies the L-proline analog L-azetidine-2-carboxylate (AZC). Of 131 yeasts tested, AZC acetyltransferase activity was detected in 17 strains of 41 strains that showed AZC resistance. Degenerate-PCR analysis revealed that two strains, i.e., Candida saitoana AKU4533 and Wickerhamia...

background: acinetobacter spp. is characterized as an important nosocomial pathogen and increasing antimicrobial resis­tance. our aim was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility and aminoglycosides resistance genes of acinetobacter spp. iso­lated from hospitalized patients. methods: sixty isolates were identified as acinetobacter species. the isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance by d...

conclusions our findings revealed that the zfn technology could be employed to overcome ampicillin resistance by the targeted disruption of the ampicillin resistance gene, which leads to inactivation of β-lactam synthesis. therefore, zfn technology could be engaged to decrease the antibiotic resistance issue with the construction of a zfn archive against different args. to tackle the resistance...

For several year, "Entre Douro e Minho"(EDM) area has undergone an important diminution in agricultural surface and number of exploitations. RGA analysis of 1989 and 1999 confirms this tendency but some “fréguesias” know an increase in the cultures surface cultivated like Vinho Verde. Spatial representation of the RGA data in a GIS shows the great productive areas of Vinho Verde where cultures ...

A new tool for selecting the right pairing between inputs and outputs in a multiloop system is introduced. Similar in structure to the classical RGA the new array, called a Relative Omega Array, is based on the characteristic frequencies in open and closed loop under perfect control, as eventually detected by a classical relay test. This way the dynamic properties of the system are simply taken...