The largest decile of commercial electricity customers comprises half of commercial sector electricity usage. We quantify a considerable split incentives problem that exists when these large firms are on electricity-included property lease contracts. Controlling for a rich set of variables that may correlate with selection into contract type, we use exogenous variation in weather shocks to show...

Residential energy consumptions of both electricity and fuels are associated with emissions of many air pollutants. Temporally and spatially resolved energy consumption data are scarce in China, which are critical for a better understanding of their environmental impacts. In this study, a space-for-time substitution method was proposed and two models for predicting fuel and electricity consumpt...

The Chinese government has committed to reaching its carbon emissions peak by 2030, which is a major undertaking. However, traditional carbon allocation processes may face a suite of difficulties, including the dynamics of the allocation principle, the independence of the allocation entities and data availability. Considering these difficulties, in this study, we developed a multi-level carbon ...