Metabolic remodeling is a major determinant for many cell fate decisions, and a switch from respiration to aerobic glycolysis is generally considered as a hallmark of cancer cell transformation. Pyruvate is a key metabolite at the major junction of carbohydrate metabolism between cytosolic glycolysis and the mitochondrial Krebs cycle. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Bender et al show that ye...

The multistep process of metastasis is a major hallmark of cancer progression involving the cointeraction and coevolution of the tumor and its microenvironment. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells and the surrounding stromal cells aberrantly secrete matricellular proteins, which are a family of nonstructural proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that exert regulatory roles via a var...

First discovered in Drosophila, the Hippo pathway regulates the size and shape of organ development. Its discovery and study have helped to address longstanding questions in developmental biology. Central to this pathway is a kinase cascade leading from the tumor suppressor Hippo (Mst1 and Mst2 in mammals) to the Yki protein (YAP and TAZ in mammals), a transcriptional coactivator of target gene...

In this article the impact of computers and the Internet on mathematics is discussed. It is argued that this influence will be considerable and will lead to the commercialization of the tools for producing and teaching mathematics. Some simple examples are presented to illustrate the possible dangers that such commercial influence might have while also illustrating possible benefits. Some specu...

ost of us frequently use speech to communicate with other people. Most of us will also communicate regularly with a computer, but rarely by means of speech. The computer input usually comes from a keyboard or a mouse, and the output goes to the monitor or a printer. Still, in many cases the communication with a computer would be facilitated if speech could be used, if only because most people s...

The existence of a mitochondrial L-lactate dehydrogenase (m-L-LDH) suggested by Dianzani (1951), was shown by Baba and Sharma (1971) with the enzyme located in the mitochondrial matrix; later Brooks et al. (1999) proposed the intracellular lactate shuttle and in the third millennium the existence of m-L-LDH was definitively been confirmed in mammalian, plant and yeast mitochondria as reviewed b...

This visual essay in "The Photographer's Frame" explores how Americans’ love affair with road trips made a marriage of national park scenic landscapes and automobiles nearly inevitable—and has helped, literally, drive climate change.

Indonesia is one of the countries that has largest nickel reserves in world. In Asian region, Indonesia’s laterite are third position. around 800 thousand tons or about 30% world’s total production, so potential to enjoy demand for this stainless metal [7]. One companies carry out mining Southeast Sulawesi Province PT Gema Kreasi Perdana (GKP). As a newly established company, variety strategies...

task of planning these events on our own, because we thought that asking faculty members for help wasn’t likely to pay off. We expected resistance from those who think that nonacademic careers aren’t worthwhile pursuits, and some committee members even worried that approaching faculty members could have negative personal repercussions. We had heard that when professors learned that their studen...